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发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽生长及消化能力的影响
引用本文:吕云云,常青,陈四清,严俊丽,王志军,窦兵帅,刘晓东.发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽生长及消化能力的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(1):10-18.
作者姓名:吕云云  常青  陈四清  严俊丽  王志军  窦兵帅  刘晓东
作者单位:1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071;2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛,266071;3. 山东科合海洋高技术有限公司,威海,264500;4. 山东和实集团有限公司,青岛,266071
基金项目:山东省科技攻关项目(2013GGA10028)资助(Supported by Scientific and Technological Project in Shandong Province (2013GGA10028))
摘    要:为探讨圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)饲料中发酵豆粕的适宜添加量, 以鱼粉和发酵豆粕为蛋白源, 鱼油和豆油为脂肪源, 分别添加0、10%、20%、30%和40%的发酵豆粕替代0、9.81%、19.63%、29.44%和39.26%的鱼粉蛋白, 设计5种等蛋白(50%)、等脂(8%)的实验饲料(分别表示为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ), 每组设3个重复, 每重复15尾鱼, 初始体重为(49.01.0) g, 经过8周的饲养实验, 结果表明: (1)饲料效率随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的升高逐渐降低, 饲料中发酵豆粕水平为20%时, 鱼体的终末体重、特定生长率和摄食量均会显著降低(P0.05)。(2)全鱼水分和灰分含量随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的升高而升高, 粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则随发酵豆粕水平的升高而降低。(3)胃蛋白酶和肝脂肪酶活力随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的增加先降低后升高, Ⅰ组最高, 显著高于Ⅲ组 (P0.05), 但与Ⅱ组无显著性差异(P0.05); Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的胃脂肪酶活力显著高于其他两组(P0.05); 肠淀粉酶活力则随饲料中发酵豆粕水平的增加先升高后降低, Ⅲ组最高, 显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但与Ⅱ组无显著性差异(P0.05); 其他消化酶活力(肠蛋白酶、胃淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶)均无显著性差异(P0.05)。(4)Ⅰ组的皱襞高度和肠壁厚度均显著高于其他组(P0.05), 各组的黏膜厚度无显著性差异(P0.05)。综上所述, 在饲料中添加10%的发酵豆粕对圆斑星鲽的生长、饲料利用和形体指标无显著性影响,过量添加则抑制鱼体的生长。

关 键 词:圆斑星鲽    发酵豆粕    生长性能    体成分    消化酶活力    肠道结构
收稿时间:2014-12-30

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL ON THE GROWTH AND DIGESTIVE ABILITY OF SPOTTED HALIBUT,VERASPER VARIEGATUS
Abstract:In this study, we conducted a 8-week feeding experiment to determine the optimum level of fermented soybean meal (FSBM, in replacement of the fishmeal) in the diet for spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus. The fishmeal and FSBM were used as the main protein sources, and fish oil and soybean oil were used as the lipid sources. The five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets contained 0, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% FSBM replacing 0, (Ⅰ) 9.81%, (Ⅱ) 19.63%, (Ⅲ) 29.44% (Ⅳ) and 39.26% (Ⅴ) fishmeal protein respectively. Each diet was randomly given to a triplicate of 15 fish (49.01.0 g) per tank in the indoor culture system. The results showed that (1) the feeding efficiency significantly decreased along with the increase in FSBM in the diet. The mean final body weight, the specific growth rate, and the feed intake of the fish fed with Diet Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P0.05). (2) Higher FSBM level resulted in the increased whole-body moisture and ash contents, and led to reduced whole-body crude protein and crude lipid contents. (3) The activities of stomach protease and hepatopancreas lipase first decreased and then increased along with the increase in the dietary FSBM. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in the fish fed with Diet Ⅰ than those fed with Diet Ⅲ (P0.05), but there was no significant difference from Diet Ⅱ (P0.05). The activities of stomach lipase of the fish fed with Diet Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ were significantly higher than those of the fish fed with Diet Ⅳ and Ⅴ (P0.05). The activity of intestine amylase first increased and then decreased along with the increase in the dietary FSBM. The fish fed with Diet Ⅲ had significantly higher enzyme activity than the fish fed with Diet Ⅰ (P0.05), but there was no significant difference from the fish fed with Diet Ⅱ (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of other digestive enzymes including the intestine protease, the stomach amylase, and the intestine lipase (P0.05). (4) The height of the mucosal fold and the thickness of the mid-intestine were significantly larger in the fish fed with Diet I than the fish fed with other diets (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the mucosa (P0.05). These results indicated that 10% FSBM in the diet may not have significant effects on the growth, the feed utilization, and the physical indicators of spotted halibut; moreover, excessive FSBM could result in poor growth performance.
Keywords:Spotted halibut  Fermented soybean meal  Growth performance  Body composition  Digestive enzyme  Intestine morphology
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