草鱼雌核发育后代不同群体的微卫星遗传分析及指纹识别

以紫外线灭活的团头鲂精子激活草鱼卵子，冷休克抑制第二极体排出的方法诱导出长江水系优良F2代草鱼减数雌核发育子代。在后代中不仅存在雌核发育后代，还存在草鲂杂交后代，雌核发育后代的体型与草鱼一致，而草鲂杂交后代的体型介于草鱼与团头鲂之间。Partec CyFlow倍性分析仪测定结果显示:普通草鱼与雌核发育草鱼的相对DNA含量分别为23.01和22.72，二者的DNA含量接近；而高体型子代的相对DNA含量为25.38，介于草鱼与团头鲂（DNA含量28.21）之间，属于草鲂杂交后代。选取17个微卫星标记对草鱼群体、雌核发育草鱼群体和草鲂杂交后代的遗传多样性进行了检测，共检测出59个等位基因，其中43.18个有效等位基因。草鱼对照群体、草鲂杂交后代和雌核发育草鱼群体的平均等位基因依次为3.57、2.86和2.79，平均有效等位基因依次为2.93、2.37和1.96，平均期望杂合度在依次为0.6502、0.5573和0.3775，多态信息含量（PIC）平均值依次为0.5738、0.4649和0.3791。与草鱼对照群体相比，雌核发育草鱼群体的遗传多样性显著下降，表明通过减数雌核发育方法可获得纯合性较高的草鱼个体。构建了草鱼后代不同群体的DNA指纹模式图，筛选到不同群体的9个特异微卫星标记，为草鱼优良群体的选育提供了基础资料。

FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION AND MICROSATELLITE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS IN GYNOGENETIC GRASS CARP

We induced the gynogenetic offspring of the excellent Yangtze River grass carp using UV inactivated sperms of blunt snout bream by inhibiting second polar body method with cold shock. There were gynogenetic grass carp and grass bream hybrids in the offspring. The size of gynogenetic grass carp was consistent with the grass carp, while the size of grass bream hybrids was between grass carp and blunt snout bream. Partec flow cytometry showed that the relative DNA content of grass carp and gynogenetic grass carp were 23.01 and 22.72, respectively, of which the two groups were close, and that the relative DNA content of high size offspring was 25.38 between the grass carp and blunt snout bream, which should be the grass bream hybrids. 17 microsatellite markers were selected to detect the ge-netic diversity of the grass carp group, the gynogenetic grass carp group and the grass bream hybrids. The results showed that 59 alleles were detected, of which 43.18 were effective alleles. The mean value of number on alleles (Na) of the grass carp, the grass bream hybrids and the gynogenetic grass carp group were 3.57, 2.86 and 2.79, respectively;the mean value of the effective alleles were 2.93, 2.37 and 1.96, respectively; the mean value of expected heterozygo-sity (He) were 0.6502, 0.5573 and 0.3775, respectively; the average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.5738, 0.4649 and 0.3791, respectively. The genetic diversity of the gynogenetic grass carp decreased signifi-cantly, compared with the grass carp control, indicating that meiotic gynogenetic method could get high homozygous of gynogenetic grass individuals. We modeled the Microsatellite DNA fingerprintings of the different grass carp group and screened nine specific microsatellite markers. This study will provide the basic molecular genetics information of the excellent grass carp.