四个不同地理鲇群体肌肉营养组成的比较分析

为了丰富黄河、松花江和大洋河鲇的肌肉营养数据, 试验采用国家标准方法对4个自然河段鲇群体(黄河白银段BY、黄河郑州段ZZ、松花江哈尔滨段HEB和大洋河东港段DG)背部肌肉的营养组成进行测定。结果表明, BY群体粗蛋白显著(P0.05)高于ZZ和DG两群体, BY群体粗脂肪显著(P0.05)高于ZZ、DG和HEB三群体。四群体脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸为主, 单不饱和脂肪酸中油酸含量最高, BY群体油酸含量显著(P0.05)高于ZZ、DG和HEB三群体, BY群体EPA+DHA含量最低, 和ZZ、DG和HEB三群体有显著(P0.05)差异。四群体氨基酸组成均以谷氨酸含量最高。除缬氨酸和异亮氨酸外, 四群体其余氨基酸评分(AAS)均接近或大于1; 四群体各氨基酸的化学评分(CS)均大于0.5。缬氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸, 异亮氨酸为第二限制性氨基酸。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI), HEB群体最高, DG群体最低。该结果说明, BY群体与ZZ、DG和HEB三群体营养价值差别大, ZZ、DG和HEB三群体间营养价值接近。四群体的营养差异可能由不同地理环境导致。

MUSCLE NUTRITIONAL COMPARATIVE OF FOUR DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL SILURUS ASOTUS GROUPS

To investigate muscle nutritional components of Silurus asotus in the Yellow River, the Songhua River and the Bigyang River, standard method was used to determine nutritional composition in back muscles of the four natural Silurus asotus groups. Silurus asotus samples were collected from Baiyin group in Yellow River (BY), Zhengzhou group in Yellow River (ZZ), Donggang group in Bigyang River (DG) and Harbin group in Songhua River (HEB). The results showed that crude protein of BY was significantly (P0.05) higher than that of ZZ and DG, and crude lipid of BY was significantly (P0.05) higher than that of ZZ, DG and HEB. Unsaturated fatty acids are the major fatty acids in muscle, and the highest content of monounsaturated fatty was oleic acid. Oleic acid content of BY was significantly (P0.05) higher than that of ZZ, DG and HEB. EPA + DHA contents of BY were significant lower than those in other 3 groups (P0.05). Glutamic was the most abundant amino acid. Values of other amino acids except valine and isoleucine by amino acid score (AAS) were close to or higher than 1. The evaluation of amino acids by chemistry score (CS) was higher than 0.5. Valine and Isoleucine were the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively. HEB showed the highest score in essential amino acid index (EAAI), and DG had the lowest in EAAI. In conclusion, difference nutritional values were observed between BY and other three groups (ZZ, DG and HEB) that illustrated similar nutritional value, which might be explained by various geographical environments.