饲料油脂氧化对养殖鱼类生长及健康的危害

水产养殖成功与否, 除取决于遗传、环境及养殖管理外, 还与水产饲料的质量 (营养素含量、营养素平衡和原料品质) 息息相关。与畜禽饲料相比, 水产饲料的一大典型特征为富含多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFAs)。在饲料生产加工、储存和运输过程中, 饲料中的PUFAs极易发生自由基链式反应, 产生一系列有害的氧化产物。摄食氧化油脂后, 养殖鱼类的摄食、生长性能、营养物质消化吸收、骨骼发育、肌肉品质和体表色素沉积等均会遭受不利影响, 鱼类的生产性能和健康状态面临严峻威胁。文章总结了饲料油脂氧化对养殖鱼类生长性能及健康状态的危害, 概述了油脂氧化产物的产生过程, 剖析了脂肪氧化产物对动物组织细胞的危害机理, 指出了现有研究所忽略的问题, 并对未来相关研究提出了展望。

DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY OIL OXIDATION ON GROWTH AND HEALTH STATUS OF FISH

The fish production is not only regulated by the genetic background, aquaculture environment and feeding management, but also mediated by the quality of aquatic feeds such as the quality and quantity of each ingredients. One key characteristic of aquatic feed was riched in poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared with livestock and poultry feeds. During the production processing, storage and transportation processes, PUFAs in the feed easily porduce free radical chain reactions and release series of harmful oxidative products, which might impact food intake, growth performance, nutrient absorption, skeletal development, flesh quality, and skin pigmentation of fish, posing a big threat to their health and production. The current review summarize the deleterious effects of dietary lipid peroxidation on the growth and health status of fish based on the data that are available regarding the physio-pathological responses to dietary oil oxidation in different fish species. It also discuss the processes of oxidative products released from PUFAs peroxidation and toxicological mechanisms of the oxidative products to cellular components in animals, highlight ignored issues by the existing researches, and provide future research perspectives.