江苏日本沼虾4个野生种群肌肉营养成分比较

对太湖、高邮湖、洪泽湖和骆马湖日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)的生长性状和肌肉营养进行评价与比较, 以期为良种选育提供参考依据。结果发现: 日本沼虾4个野生种群间虾体全长、体长、体重和肌肉重差异明显, 但含肉率(33.99%—35.40%)无显著差异; 日本沼虾粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分含量分别为17.73%—18.81%、1.40%—1.83%、1.07%—1.24%和78.44%—79.49%; 共检出氨基酸17种, 其中必需氨基酸7种, 必需氨基酸指数为70.51—74.09, 不同种群间His、Arg、Asp、Glu、氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量差异显著; 共检出脂肪酸16种, 其中不饱和脂肪酸10种, 不同种群间脂肪酸种类组成(C20﹕0和C14﹕1)和含量(C18﹕0、C18﹕2和C20﹕1)差异明显。在检测的4种常量元素(Na、K、Ca和Mg)和5种微量元素(Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn和Cr)中, 仅Fe和Mn在不同种群间差异显著。研究表明, 日本沼虾虾体规格的显著增加不会引起含肉率的明显变化; 肌肉中部分氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质受生活环境和食物资源的影响显著, 生产中需注意调节这些营养成分的添加。鉴于太湖种群的生长潜力及骆马湖种群氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质的营养价值较高, 可选择二者作为亲本来改善江苏日本沼虾种质。

COMPARISON OF MUSCLE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITIONS OF FOUR WILD ORIENTAL RIVER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM NIPPONENSE POPULATIONS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Recently, the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense aquaculture industry has suffered the degeneration of genetic characterization, which presents a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture. To select the excellent breeding and cultivate high-quality larvae of M. nipponense, we explored the nutritional composition of edible muscle as an essential indicator of selection breeding by studying the growth traits and nutritional composition of wild M. nipponense from the four largest lakes including Taihu Lake, Gaoyou Lake, Hongze Lake and Luoma Lake in Jiangsu Province. Results showed that the flesh content rate of M. nipponense ranged from 33.99% to 35.40%, and no significant difference was found among the four wild populations though the total length, body length, wet weight and muscle wet weight were obviously different. The changes in crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture of M. nipponense muscle were 17.73%—18.81%, 1.40%—1.83%, 1.07%—1.24% and 78.44%—79.49%, respectively. Total 17 amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids, were identified in muscle, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 70.51 to 74.09. The contents of His, Arg, Asp, Glu, total amino acid and nonessential amino acid were distinctly different in the M. nipponense from the four natural waters. Total 16 fatty acids, including 10 unsaturated fatty acids, were found, and the fatty acid composition (C20﹕0 and C14﹕1) and contents (C18﹕0, C18﹕2 and C20﹕1) were obviously affected by various available food resource and environmental factors. The mineral elements, including 4 macroelements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and 5 microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr), were monitored and the contents of Fe and Mn were significantly different among the four wild populations. These findings indicate that the flesh contents are similar among various size of M. nipponense, and that the food availability and environmental factors may significantly affect some amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements. Thus, it is necessary to maintain these nutritive substances during the aquaculture period. Taihu Lake shrimp and Luoma Lake shrimp can be served as seed shrimp to improve the genetic characterization of M. nipponense in Jiangsu Province.