四种植物蛋白对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、氨基酸沉积率和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了筛选适宜于养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的饲料植物蛋白源，探究不同植物蛋白源饲料对幼蟹生长性能、氨基酸沉积率和抗氧化性能等方面的影响，以50%的鱼粉配制基础饲料（记为FM），分别采用30.5%发酵豆粕、32.5%豆粕、28%棉粕和39%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉总量的50%，配制成4种等氮等能的饲料（分别记为FSBM、SBM、CSM和RSM），投喂初始体重为（0.249±0.003）g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹8周。结果表明:（1）与FM组相比，FSBM、SBM和CSM组的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率均没有显著性差异；RSM组的增重率与FM组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），但显著低于SBM组（P < 0.05），而其饲料系数则显著高于FM、FSBM及SBM组（P < 0.05），蛋白质效率显著低于其他各组（P < 0.05），蛋白质沉积率显著低于SBM和CSM组（P < 0.05）。（2）不同植物蛋白组的总必需氨基酸沉积率和FM组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），而RSM组总必需氨基酸沉积率显著低于FSBM和CSM组（P < 0.05）。（3）与FM组相比，不同植物蛋白组蟹的血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性和肝胰腺丙二醛（MDA）含量并没有显著的影响，而RSM组血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著的高于其他各组（P < 0.05）。结果表明，在幼蟹饲料中，豆粕、发酵豆粕和棉粕替代基础配方中鱼粉的50%后并未对幼蟹的生长性能、氨基酸沉积率及抗氧化能力造成负面的影响，发酵豆粕、豆粕和棉粕可以作为替代鱼粉的适宜蛋白源，且添加水平约在30%左右。菜粕替代后降低了饲料的利用和氨基酸沉积效率，这可能是由于菜粕的蛋白质消化率低、含有相应的抗营养因子和添加水平过高所致，建议使用前应适当进行脱毒处理，并与或和其他植物蛋白配伍使用。

EFFECTS OF FOUR COMMONLY USED PLANT PROTEIN SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,AMINO ACIDS RETENTION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN JUVENILE CHINESE MITTEN CRAB,ERIOCHIERSINENSIS

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an importantly economic species for aquaculture in China due to its desirable taste and nutrient content. In the past decades, with the continuous expansion of crab farm and artificial feed development, the increasing demand for fish meal by aquaculture industry makes fish meal an increasingly expen-sive and limiting commodity. This study investigated the effects of dietary partial replacement of fishmeal (FM) by four commonly used plant protein sources on juvenile Chinese mitten crab, with a basic diet containing 50%fishmeal as the control, and other four diets with 50%fishmeal replaced by 30.50%fermented soybean meal (FSBM), 32.50%soybean meal (SBM), 28%cottonseed meal (CSM), and 39%rapeseed meal (RSM). Each diet was fed to four replicates of ju-venile E. sinensis (0.249±0.003 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that no differences were found in weight gain, spe-cific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency, and protein retention when compared crab fed the three test diets (FSBM, SBM, CSM) with the FM diet. The weight gain of E. sinensis fed RSM was not different from crab fed FM, but was lower than crab fed SBM (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio of E. sinensis fed RSM was higher than those fed FM, FSBM and SBM. Protein efficiency of E. sinensis fed RSM was lower than all other groups (P<0.05). Protein retention of E. sinensis fed RSM was lower than crab fed SBM or CSM (P<0.05).No differences were found in the con-tents of the whole crab body moisture, ash, crude lipid, and total essential amino acid retention rate of the four plant protein sources groups relative to the FM group. However, the whole crab crude protein content of crab fed RSM was lower than crab fed SBM or CSM (P<0.05). The total essential amino acid retention of crab fed RSM was lower than crab fed FSBM or CSM (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in both serum and hepa-topancreas of crab were not different when compared the groups of the four plant protein sources with the FM group. The serum malonaldehyde content of crab fed RSM was higher than crab fed all other diets (P<0.05). The results indi-cates that partial replacement of fish meal with FSBM, SBM or CSM will not lead to any negative effects on growth performance, amino acid retention and antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile Chinese mitten crab. Thus, FSBM, SBM or CSM can be used as alternative plant protein sources to replace fishmeal in diet for Chinese mitten crab up to 30%. However, rapeseed meal is not a suitable protein source due to the lower protein digestibility, anti-nutritional factor contents. In case where rapeseed meal must be used in the diet of E. sinensis, it should be used in combination with other plant protein sources, and adequate process should be conducted to lower contents of the anti-nutritional factors.