新疆伊犁河不同河段鱼类的物种多样性和优势种

为了了解伊犁河鱼类群落结构和多样性特征, 于2012—2014年连续3年对我国境内新疆伊犁河上、中和下游不同河段进行鱼类资源调查。获得27种鱼类样本, 隶属于6目9科23属。伊犁河中、上游河段主要以斯氏高原鳅、新疆裸重唇鱼、新疆高原鳅和伊犁裂腹鱼等土著鱼类为优势种, 下游河段的优势种主要有鲤、草鱼和鲫等外来种。伊犁河中、上游河段鱼类种类稀少, 大中型鱼类资源稀少, 鱼类群落多样性低。梯级水电站的开发、过度捕捞以及外来种入侵对伊犁河鱼类鱼类群落造成了很大的影响。

SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DOMINANT FISH SPECIES IN DIFFERENT REACHES OF THE ILI RIVER,XINJIANG

From 2012 to 2014, fishing surveys were conducted upstream, midstream, and downstream of the Ili River to understand the characteristics of fish community structure and diversity. A total of 27 fish species were collected, be-longing to 6 genera, 9 families, and 23 orders. In the upper and middle branches of the Ili River, the dominant species wereT. strauchii (Kessler),T. stoliczkae (Steindachner),G. dybowskii(Kessler), andS. pseudaksaiensis Herzenstein, which are native fish of the Ili River.C. idellus(Cuvier et Valenciennes),C. carpio(Temminck et Schlegel) andC. auratus (Linnaeus) were the dominant species downstream of the Ili River. In the upper and middle branches of the Ili River, the species richness, resources of large fish, and community diversity were low. The construction of cascaded hydroelectric plants, over fishing, and exotic fish invasions have significantly affected the fish communities of the Ili River.