基于声学标记追踪法的湖泊鱼类时空分布研究

为构建完整的声学标记追踪体系并评估其在浅水草型湖泊的应用效果, 于2019年7月—2019年12月在河北省白洋淀生态修复示范区鲥鯸淀内，使用Vemco定位系统进行鱼类声学标记追踪实验。实验以MS-222为麻醉剂, 采用手术缝合法将声学标记植入鱼体腹腔内。对比乌鳢和鲫的术后结果, 发现: (1)鲫的死亡率和感染率均为75%, 乌鳢的死亡率和感染率为41.67%和13.33%; (2)乌鳢腹腔狭小, 在植入标记后需进行舒缓按压, 以保证探头不会压迫肠道而对生理活动造成影响。声学标记信号的接收量分析表明: (1)日间接收机接收量显著高于夜间(P<0.05); (2)方差分析结果表明晴天和雨天的接收量存在显著差异(P<0.05); (3)秩相关检验显示接收量与温度之间相关性不显著(P>0.05); (4)路径追踪结果显示乌鳢喜好活动于水草覆盖度较高的边缘区域。通过构建适宜浅水草型湖泊的声学标记追踪方法, 可促进野外环境下鱼类分布和行为生态学的定量研究, 为湖泊生态修复的效果评估提供技术手段。

THE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF FISH IN LAKE USING ACOUSTIC TAGGING AND TRACKING METHOD

According to acoustic signals, biotelemetry can monitor the behavior patterns of aquatic animals in natural state, marking up for many of breeding shortcomings in laboratory. Biotelemetry is increasingly becoming one of most important research methods for investing the behavior and biology of aquatic animals. A completed acoustic tagging and tracking system was constructed to evaluate the application effect of this system and explore the behavior patterns of Channa argus and Carassius auratus in shallow macrophytic lakes. The VEMCO positioning system was used to tag and track the fish in the Shihoudian Lake located in Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei Province, from July 2019 to December 2019. The receivers of VR2Tx were used and the tracking tags were conducted with V8-4L. After the test of receivers’ performance in the Shihoudian Lake, the distance between the receivers was 60 m, when the reception rate was as high as 93%. MS-222 was used as anesthetic. The tags were implanted into the abdominal cavity of the fish body by surgical suture (the weight of tag and fish met the 2% rule). The postoperative results of Channa argus and Carassius auratus were compared. Studies showed that the mortality and infection rate of Carassius auratus were 75%, while those of Channa argus were only 41.67% and 13.33% respectively. After the tag was implanted, the narrow abdominal cavity of Channa argus should be eased and pressed to ensure that the probe did not compress the intestines to affect feeding and excretion. The receptive data showed that the receiver acquired more receptive data in the daytime than at night (P<0.05). The ANOVA results showed significant differences between the receptive data of sunny days and light rain (P<0.05). The Kendall and Spearman rank correlation test showed that the correlation between temperature and the receptive data was low. The results of path tracking indicated that Channa argus preferred the marginal area with high coverage of aquatic vegetation, intuitively demonstrating the habitat selectivity of Channa argus in its natural state. In this study, the applicability of biotelemetry in the shallow macrophytic lake was successful by constructing complete tracking system. These results support the application of the complete tracking system in the behavior of freshwater fish, and provide theoretical basis of ecological restoration and evaluate the restoration effect.