饲料中添加苜蓿草粉对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响

为研究苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能、肌肉品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响, 在基础饲料(粗蛋白: 32.0%, 粗脂肪: 4.12%)中分别添加0(对照组)、5%、10%、15%和20%的苜蓿草粉, 饲喂初始体重为(50.04±0.04) g的草鱼, 每个处理3个重复, 进行为期61d的养殖实验。结果表明: (1)与对照组相比, 20%苜蓿组的特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05), 15%苜蓿组的饲料系数和摄食率显著升高(P<0.05)。除5%苜蓿组外, 其余苜蓿添加组草鱼的肥满度显著降低(P<0.05); (2)饲料中添加苜蓿草粉显著降低草鱼肌肉中硫代巴比妥酸值和乳酸含量(P<0.05)。10%和15%苜蓿组草鱼肌肉羟脯氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外, 在添加苜蓿草粉后, 草鱼肌肉失水率显著升高(P<0.05)。除20%苜蓿组外, 其余苜蓿添加组草鱼肌肉黏附性显著升高(P<0.05), 草鱼肌肉硬度在10%苜蓿组显著高于对照组(P<0.05); (3)20%苜蓿组草鱼血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 15%、20%苜蓿组草鱼血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著升高, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述, 当苜蓿草粉的添加量不超过15%时, 对草鱼生长性能没有显著性影响, 且能改善草鱼肌肉品质, 提高血清抗氧化能力。因此, 草鱼饲料中苜蓿草粉的添加量不应超过15%。

EFFECTS OF DIETARY ALFALFA MEAL ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE,MUSCLE QUALITY AND SERUM ANTIOXIDANT INDEXES OF GRASS CARP

To investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) meal on the growth performance, muscle quality and serum antioxidant index of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (crude protein: 32.0%, crude fat: 4.12%) were formulated with 0 (control group), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% alfalfa meal, respectively. Juvenile grass carp initial weight of (50.04±0.04) g] were fed for 61 days. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control group, the specific growth rate significantly decreased in the group with 20% alfalfa meal (P<0.05), and the feeding rate as well as the feed conversion ratio significantly increased in the group with 15% alfalfa meal (P<0.05). Except for the group with 5% alfalfa meal, the condition factor of grass carp significantly decreased (P<0.05). (2) Adding alfalfa meal significantly decreased the contents of muscle lactic acid and thiobarbituric acid values (P<0.05) and increased muscle water loss rate(P<0.05). The content of muscle hydroxyproline in the groups with 10% and 15% alfalfa meal were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Except for the group with 20% alfalfa meal, adding alfalfa meal significantly increased the muscle adhesiveness (P<0.05). The muscle hardness significantly increased in the group with 10% alfalfa meal compared to the control group (P<0.05). (3) The serum CAT activity of grass carp in the group with 20% alfalfa meal was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum GSH-PX activity of grass carp in the groups with 15% and 20% alfalfa meal significantly increased, and the content of MDA significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusions, adding less than 15% alfalfa meal could improve muscle quality and serum antioxidant capacity of grass carp. Therefore, the addition of alfalfa meal in grass carp feed should not exceed 15%.