流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为及能量消耗影响的研究

通过自制密封的鱼类游泳实验装置, 研究了流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为和能量消耗的影响。结果显示,细鳞裂腹鱼的摆尾频率随游泳速度的变化有明显的变化规律, 摆尾频率随着流速的增加而显著性的增加,而摆尾幅度有减小趋势, 差异性不显著。结果还表明, (26±1) ℃时, (10.60±0.54) cm 细鳞裂腹鱼的相对临界游泳速度为(11.5±0.5) BL/s, 绝对临界游泳速度为(110.28±2.02) cm/s。测定的相对临界流速较其他的鲤科鱼大,是对生存水流环境(流速0.5—1.5m/s)适应性的表现。这一结果表明鱼类的游泳能力是能够训练的。运动代谢率与相对流速的关系为, AMR = 93.08e(0.307v) + 314.33, R2= 0.994; 单位距离能耗与流速的指数关系为COT =28e (-1.03V) +6.05, R2= 0.998。流速达到8 BL/s 时, 裂腹鱼耗氧率开始下降, 从流速7 BL/s 时, (1245.57±90.97 )mg O2/(kg·h)最大, 下降到(978.78±189.38) mg O2/(kg·h)。1—7 BL/s 流速范围内, 裂腹鱼单位时间内的耗氧率随着游泳速度的增加而增加, 而且随着游泳速度的增加, 单位距离能耗(COT)逐渐减少, 最小能耗在6 倍体长流速, 0.68 m/s 时, 为(6.00±1.57) J/(kg·m), 其能量利用效率最大。  

EFFECTS OF FLOW RATE ON SWIMMING BEHAVIOR AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF SCHIZOTHORAX CHONGI

The aims of the present experiment were to gain the motion regular patterns,the physical activity level,the rules of metabolic energy requirements and the lowest oxygen consumption of Schizothorax chongi(Cyprinida,Schizothoracinae).The flow rate was the main condition considered,and it was one of the major factors of the river environment.In the experiment,effects of flow rate on swimming behavior and energy consumption of Schizothorax chongi had been tested in a special sealed experimental device.The results suggested that the tail beat frequencies(TBF) of Schizothorax chongi increased with the swimming speed.But the tail beat amplitude decreased as the swimming speed increasing.According to the results of the oxygen consumption to the swimming speed,the oxygen consumption of Schizothorax chongi increased significantly as the swimming speed increased.The protocol of the critical swimming speed was carried out at 1BL interval for a set time of 30min.And the result showed that,at(26±1)℃,the relative critical swimming speed of Schizothorax chongi,body length of(10.60±0.54) cm,was(11.5±0.5) BL/s,and the absolute critical swimming speed was(110.28 ±2.02) cm/s.The relative critical swimming speed was higher than other carps,which was consisted with the habitat where the Schizothorax chongi lived,and the flow rate was 0.5—1.5 m/s.The result indicated that the capability of the swimming can be trained.The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and relative swimming speed at swimming speed of 1—7 BL/s was: AMR = 93.08e(0.326V)+314.33,R2= 0.994;the relationship between cost of transport(COT) and relative swimming speed was: COT=28e(1.03V) +6.05,R2=0.998.While the swimming speed reached to 8 BL/s,the oxygen consumption rate was decreased to(978.78±189.38) mg O2/(kg.h) from the largest,(1245.57±90.97) mg O2/(kg.h),at 7 BL/s swimming speed.As the swimming speed increasing,1—7 BL/s,metabolic rate increased obviously,but the cost of transport decreased,and the lowest consumption was(6.00±1.57)J/(kg.m),at 6 BL/s,about 0.68 m/s,which was considered as the maximum efficiency swimming speed.The study of the swimming behavior and oxygen consumption of Schizothorax chongi were to obtain the basic information for the physiology and ecology behaviors of this important species,and to find effective methods to protest it in the building of the fishes passage,and the optimal scheduling of cascaded hydropower stations.