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太湖新银鱼移植对(鳖)早期摄食和生长的影响
引用本文:王星璐,向建国,刘家寿,柳明,吴朗,谢松光.太湖新银鱼移植对(鳖)早期摄食和生长的影响[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(2):276-283.
作者姓名:王星璐  向建国  刘家寿  柳明  吴朗  谢松光
作者单位:1. 中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072;中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
2. 湖南农业大学,动物科学技术学院,长沙410128
3. 中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072
4. 中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072;中国科学院水生生物研究所淮安研究中心,淮安223002
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划973项目,国家自然科学基金项目,中国科学院“百人计划”择优支持项目
摘    要:研究选择长江中游西洞庭湖水系太湖新银鱼移植水体(黄石水库)和未移植水体(蒙泉水库),研究太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis Chen)移植对浮游动物食性鱼类(Hemiculter leucisculus Basilewsky)早期生长和摄食的影响。2009年7月下旬和8月中旬共采集稚鱼157尾,其中7月下旬采集稚鱼在14—23日龄之间,两水体间生长差异不显著;8月中旬采集稚鱼在20—49日龄之间,黄石水库生长率显著小于蒙泉水库。对样品耳石日轮分析发现25日龄之前两水体稚鱼生长率相似,之后黄石水库稚鱼较蒙泉水库生长慢。食性分析发现25日龄前两水体稚鱼食物组成相似,主要摄食轮虫、小型枝角类和桡足类;25日龄后黄石水库稚鱼食性没有显著变化,而蒙泉水库稚鱼则转食大型枝角类、昆虫及鱼卵和仔鱼。两水体气候条件、营养状况、鱼类区系组成上基本相同,是否有太湖新银鱼移植是两水体间的主要差别。太湖新银鱼春群在1—5月间繁殖,而的繁殖在6月下旬之后。因此在早期生活史阶段与太湖新银鱼的食物竞争会主要发生在转食大型浮游动物之后。太湖新银鱼摄食使黄石水库大型浮游动物饵料资源短缺,稚鱼在25日龄后不能转食,是导致黄石水库幼鱼在25日龄后生长减慢的重要因素。

关 键 词:太湖新银鱼  移植    耳石日轮  早期生长  摄食

THE INFLUENCES TO TRANSPLANTATION OF ICEFISH (NEOSALANX TAIHUENSIS CHEN) ON EARLY-LIFE FEEDING AND GROWTH OF HEMICULTER LEUCISCULUS BASILEWSKY
WANG Xing-Lu , XIANG Jian-Guo , LIU Jia-Shou , LIU Ming , WU Lang , XIE Song-Guang.THE INFLUENCES TO TRANSPLANTATION OF ICEFISH (NEOSALANX TAIHUENSIS CHEN) ON EARLY-LIFE FEEDING AND GROWTH OF HEMICULTER LEUCISCULUS BASILEWSKY[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(2):276-283.
Authors:WANG Xing-Lu  XIANG Jian-Guo  LIU Jia-Shou  LIU Ming  WU Lang  XIE Song-Guang
Institution:1,4(1.Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;3.School of Zoological Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;4.Huai’an Research Center,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huai’an 223002,China)
Abstract:Neosalanx taihuensis Chen is an important zooplanktivorous commercial fish,which was widely introduced into Chinese freshwaters.Transplantation of this species has induced decline and even extinction of native fish species in some waters.In this study,impacts of N.taihuensis transplantation on early growth and feeding of an indigenous zooplanktivorous fish Hemiculter leucisculus Basilewsky were investigated by comparing the juveniles of the latter in two reservoirs in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.Huangshi Reservoir(HSR) and Mengquan Reservoir(MQR) are geographically proximate and display similar nutrient regimes and native fish faunas.The major difference between the two water is that N.taihuensis has been transplanted in HSR but not in MQR.A total of 157 juvenile H.leucisculus was collected in late July and middle August in both reservoirs.The juveniles collected in late July aged from 14 to 23 days,and were similar in growth rate between the two waters.The juveniles collected in middle August aged from 20 to 49 days.Growth rate of juveniles in HSR was significantly smaller than those in MQR.Otolith growth trajectories showed that incremental width was not significantly different between the two reservoirs until the age of 25 days but narrower for juveniles in HSR than those in MQR after that.Diet analysis showed that food compositions of the juveniles younger than 25 days were similar between the two waters,composing mainly Rotifera,small-sized Cladocera and Cyclopoida.For juveniles older than 25 days,food compositions in HSR were similar to the younger juveniles,while the food compositions in MQR changed to large-sized Cladocera,insects,eggs and fish larvae.Spawning season of N.taihuensis is earlier than H.leucisculus in the middle reach of Yangtze River,and diet competition between the two species may occur after the later shifts from feeding on small-sized to large-sized zooplanktons.In HSR,N.taihuensis may induce the shortage of large-sized zooplanktons.As there was no enough large-sized zooplankton available to the juvenile H.leucisculus older than 25 days,they could only keep feeding on small-sized,which resulted in stunted growth of H.leucisculus juveniles older than 25 days compared to those in MQR.
Keywords:Neosalanx taihuensis Chen  Transplantation  Hemiculter leucisculus Basilewsky  Otolith increment  Early-life growth  Diet composition
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