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氮磷浓度对藻-溞-草间相互作用的影响
引用本文:马帅,王程丽,张亚捷,蒋昕彧,任韶霞,李效宇,马剑敏.氮磷浓度对藻-溞-草间相互作用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(1):66-72.
作者姓名:马帅  王程丽  张亚捷  蒋昕彧  任韶霞  李效宇  马剑敏
作者单位:1. 河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡,453007
2. 河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡453007;河南省环境污染控制重点实验室,新乡453007
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项,河南师范大学国家级大学生创新性实验项目,河南师范大学(国家级)实验教学示范中心大学生创新性实验计划项目资助
摘    要:为了解氮磷浓度对生物操纵效果的影响, 以小球藻、大型 溞和金鱼藻分别作为浮游植物、浮游动物和大型沉水植物的代表, 建立了它们之间相互作用的水生微宇宙模型。研究了在 25℃、2000—3000 lx 的温度和光照下, 不同氮磷浓度对三者生长的影响。结果表明: 两者共培养时, 在高氮(10.5 mg/L)条件下, 磷浓度小于 0.1 mg/L 对大型 溞繁殖和金鱼藻的生长有利; 磷浓度介于 0.1—2 mg/L 时小球藻呈大暴发趋势, 而金鱼藻的生长则明显受抑制。在低氮(0.5 mg/L)条件下, 磷浓度不大于 0.5 mg/L, 大型 溞对小球藻有较好的抑制作用, 金鱼藻与小球藻无显著互抑现象; 磷浓度增大为 2 mg/L 时, 小球藻对金鱼藻生长产生明显抑制。在 0.05—2 mg/L 的磷浓度范围及高氮和低氮条件下三者共培养时, 大型 溞数量及金鱼藻生物量均不同程度的升高,且小球藻数量得到了有效抑制, 以磷浓度为 0.1—0.5 mg/L 时效果最佳; N/P 比值对藻、溞 、草间的相互作用有重要影响, 在藻-溞系统中, 大型沉水植物的加入可以大大提高控藻效果, 减小 N/P 比值波动带来的不利影响。与低氮情况相比, 高氮条件对金鱼藻、大型 溞及小球藻的增长均存在一定抑制作用。磷浓度为 0.5 mg/L时的水体氮磷去除效果好于其他磷浓度梯度。

关 键 词:小球藻  大型    金鱼藻  生物操纵  氮磷浓度

INFLUENCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION ON INTERACTIONS AMONG CHLORELLA VUGARIS,DAPHNIA MAGNA AND CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM
MA Shuai , WANG Cheng-Li , ZHANGYa-Jie , JIANG Xi-Yu , REN Shao-Xia , LI Xiao-Yu , MA Jian-Min.INFLUENCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION ON INTERACTIONS AMONG CHLORELLA VUGARIS,DAPHNIA MAGNA AND CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(1):66-72.
Authors:MA Shuai  WANG Cheng-Li  ZHANGYa-Jie  JIANG Xi-Yu  REN Shao-Xia  LI Xiao-Yu  MA Jian-Min
Institution:1,2(1.College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;2.Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control,Xinxiang 453007,China)
Abstract:In order to know the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration on the effect of biomanipulation,Chlorella vugaris,Daphnia magna and Ceratophyllum demersum were selected respectively as the representative of phytoplankton,zooplankton and submerged macrophyte,to establish the model of aquatic microcosm to research the influences of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration on the interactions among them,which cultured in the same temperature(25 ℃) and illumination(2000—3000 lx) conditions.The result indicated that when both of the three organisms cultured together in high concentration nitrogen(10.5 mg/L) condition,when phosphorus concentration was less than 0.1 mg/L,it was advantageous to D.magna reproduction and C.demersum growth.C.vugaris was keeping multiplication fast,but C.demersum biomass decreased obviously when phosphorus concentration was 0.1 mg/L to 2.0 mg/L.In the low concentration nitrogen(0.5 mg/L) culture solution,when phosphorus concentration was not more than 0.5 mg/L,D.magna could inhibit the C.vugaris multiplication,and the inhibition was not obvious between C.demersum and C.vugaris.When phosphorus concentration rose to 2.0 mg/L,C.vugaris could inhibit obviously the growth of C.demersum.When all of the three kinds of creatures were cultured together in the solution that phosphorus concentration scope was 0.05 mg/L to 2.0 mg/L and nitrogen concentration was high(10.5 mg/L) or low(0.5 mg/L),both of D.magna density and C.demersum biomass increased,but C.vugaris density decreased markedly,and the effect was best when phosphorus concentration scope was 0.1 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L.The ratio of N/P could effect obviously the interaction among Chlorella vugaris,Daphnia magna and Ceratophyllum demersum.In the system of Chlorella vugaris and Daphnia magna adding submerged macrophyte could improve the effect to control alage,and lower the negative effect that was triggered by the wave of N/P ratio.The high concentration nitrogen condition showed inhibitory effect on the growth of C.demersum’s,D.magna’s and C.vugaris compared with the low concentration nitrogen condition.When phosphorus concentration was 0.5 mg/L,there were better elimination effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus of nutrient solution than the other phosphorus concentration gradient.
Keywords:Chlorella vugaris  Daphnia magna  Ceratophyllum demersum  Biomanipulation  Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration
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