锦绣龙虾人工繁殖和胚胎发育的研究

锦绣龙虾(Panulirus ornatus)是世界名贵的经济虾类,也是我国捕捞和养殖的大型虾类,但资源匮乏,育苗还没有取得成功,因此,需要开展人工繁殖研究以保护和增殖资源。实验用人工养殖26月龄的锦绣龙虾进行人工繁殖和胚胎发育研究,结果表明,锦绣龙虾在5个月内繁殖2次。切除锦绣龙虾单侧眼柄能加速其性腺发育,在第一和第二次繁殖中,切除眼柄的雌龙虾比对照组的卵巢成熟时间分别缩短17.7d和11.3d。锦绣龙虾在交配后1—10d内产卵。锦绣龙虾切除眼柄与否对怀卵量没有显著影响。第一、二次繁殖平均产卵量分别为40.34×104粒和32.97×104粒,平均孵化率分别为77.29%和77.72%,孵化出叶状幼体平均数量分别为31.38×104/尾和25.62×104/尾。锦绣龙虾的胚胎发育分为11个时期:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、膜内无节幼体期、七对附肢期、九对附肢期、十一对附肢期、复眼色素形成期、准备孵化期和孵化期。在水温29.2℃,盐度30,受精卵经22—23d孵化出叶状幼体。

STUDY ON THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF PANULIRUS ORNATUS

Panulirus ornatus is one of the most valuable seafood commodities in the world.This species is also the largest tropical lobster for fisheries and culture in China.But now the natural resources of P.ornatus is shortage,and culture from egg through the larval phase to puerulus has not been completed.Hence,the research for artificial breeding to protect the proliferation and resources is needed.In this paper,the artificial propagation of 26 months old cultured Panulirus ornatus and development of the embryos were studied.The results showed that the cultured P.ornatus could breed twice in five months.The ovarian maturation can be accelerated by ablating the unilateral eyestalk.During the first and second brooding,the ovarian maturation time of the eyestalk-ablated females was shortened by 17.7 d and 11.3 d,respectively,comparing with the control group.The females spawn 1–10 days post mating.During the first and second brood,the numbers of eggs per female produced were average of 40.34 × 104 and 32.97 × 104 with mean hatch rates of 77.29% and 77.72%,and average 31.70 × 104and 25.38 × 104 phyllosoma were successfully hatched,respectively.The embryos developed for 22–23 d at water temperature of 29.2 ℃ and salinity of 30.The process of embryonic development could be divided into eleven stages: fertilized eggs,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrula stage,egg-nauplius stage,embryo with 7 pairs of appendages,embryo with 9 pairs of appendages,embryo with 11 pairs of appendages,embryo with compound eye pigments formed,pre-hatching stage and hatching stage.