不同饲料原料对黄颡鱼表观消化率及消化酶活性的影响

实验研究黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)对分别含有豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕和发酵菜粕的4种饲料以及这4种原料的干物质、蛋白、能量及氨基酸的表观消化率, 为黄颡鱼饲料的配制提供科学依据, 同时测定不同原料对消化道胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性以及血液指标谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白及碱性磷酸酶的影响。结果显示: 黄颡鱼对4种原料的干物质的表观消化率有显著差异, 其利用率由高到低依次为豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕及发酵菜粕(P<0.05)。黄颡鱼对发酵菜粕的蛋白质表观消化率显著低于其他3种原料(P<0.05), 而4种原料能量的表观消化率没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。黄颡鱼对各原料蛋氨酸和组氨酸的表观消化率没有显著性差异且低于83%(P>0.05), 而对各原料中其他氨基酸的表观消化率均有显著性差异, 在85%—98%之间, 发酵菜粕各氨基酸的表观消化率显著低于其他3种原料(P<0.05)。胰蛋白酶活力在菜粕组显著高于其他原料组(P<0.05), 活力呈现出前肠>中后肠>胃的趋势, 糜蛋白酶活力在不同原料间无显著差异, 糜蛋白酶活力呈现胃>前肠>中后肠的趋势, 淀粉酶活性呈现前肠>胃>中后肠。血液指标谷草转氨酶在豆粕组显著高于其他原料组(P<0.05), 菜粕与发酵菜粕组最低, 而谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶在各原料组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述, 豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕和发酵菜粕均可以作为黄颡鱼饲料中优质的蛋白源。

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS OF SEVERAL FEED INGREDIENTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF JUVENILE YELLOW CATFISH (PELTEOBAGRUS FULVIDRACO)

To improve the precision of feed formulation, this study investigated effects of soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal on apparent dry matter, protein, energy and amino acids digestibility coefficients using juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). The activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and α-amylase in the stomach, fore-intestine and post-intestine and blood indexes of glutamate transaminase, glutamate transaminase, total protein and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The results indicated that the apparent dry matter digestibility coefficients was significantly different in each treatment (P<0.05), and the utilization rates from high to low were soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal. The lowest apparent protein digestibility was the fermented rapeseed meal group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in apparent energy digestibility in all 4 treatments (P>0.05). Apparent methionine and histidine digestibility of 4 groups were below 83% without significant difference among groups (P>0.05). The apparent digestibility of other amino acids was significantly different between 85% and 98% with the lowest one in fermented rapeseed meal group (P<0.05). The activities of trypsin of yellow catfish were significantly higher in rapeseed meal treatment than other treatments (P<0.05). The distribution of trypsin activity from high to low was fore-intestine, post-intestine, and stomach. The activities of chymotrypsin were decrescent gradually from stomach to fore-intestine, lowest in post-intestine (P<0.05). The activities of amylase were decrescent gradually from fore-intestine to stomach, min-intestine (P<0.05). The serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase was significantly higher in soybean meal group than other three treatments (P<0.05) with lower level in groups of rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal. No difference was found in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total protein and alkaline phosphatase in yellow catfish among 4 groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, rapeseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal could be used as high-quality protein sources for yellow catfish.