青海湖主湖区与湖水淹没区的细菌群落结构差异分析

为对比青海湖与湖滨淹没区的微生物群落结构及多样性的差异, 利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术, 研究不同环境条件下水体的微生物群落组成的异同。结果表明: 青海湖主湖区及淹没区的细菌在分类门级水平上相对丰度最高的为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 44.8%), 其次分别隶属于拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes, (25.9%±7.8)%]、蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria, (13.6%±5.4)%]、放线菌门Actinobacteria, (7.54%±9)%]和柔壁菌门Tenericutes, (3.32%±2)%]。淹没区整体微生物多样性显著高于主湖区水体。部分微生物分类属在两个湖区呈现显著的分布差异暗示这些细菌对于环境特征的适应性。节线藻在青海湖主湖的分布广泛显示其可能在高原咸水湖泊的碳氮循环过程中扮演着重要角色。研究对于深入了解栖居地如何塑造咸水水体微生物群落结构具有重要意义。

THE DIFFERENCE IN BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE BETWEEN THE MAIN STREAM AREA AND THE LAKE INUNDATION AREA OF QINGHAI LAKE

Qinghai Lake is the largest saltwater inland lake in China, and its watershed contains a variety of water bodies with different functions. However, differences in microbial community structure and diversity among different water bodies in the Qinghai Lake basin are still lacking in research. This study compares the microbial community structure of Qinghai Lake with that of the lakeside inundation zone. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, we investigated the similarities and differences in microbial community composition of water bodies under different environmental conditions. The results showed that the highest relative abundance at the taxonomic level in the main lake and the submerged area of Qinghai Lake were Proteobacteria (44.8%), Bacteroidetes (25.9±7.8)%, Cyanobacteria (13.6±5.4)%, Actinobacteria (7.54±9)% and Tenericutes (3.32±2)%. The structure of microbial diversity in the main area of Qinghai Lake did not differ significantly between sites, but differed significantly from the submerged area. The overall microbial diversity was significantly higher in the submerged area than in the main lake. Some of the microbial taxonomic genera showed significant differences in distribution between the two lakes, suggesting adaptations of these bacteria to environmental characteristics. The widespread distribution of Nodosilinea algae in the main lake of Qinghai Lake may play an important role in the carbon cycling process of alkaline lakes in the plateau. The results of the analysis of water chemistry indicators showed that the main chemical indicators affecting the microbiological differences between the two types of water bodies were pH, total phosphorus and water temperature. This study has important implications for gaining insights into how the environment shapes the microbial community structure of brackish water bodies.