福建北部近海浮游动物数量分布与水团季节变化的关系

根据2015—2016年在福建北部近海水域(120.10°E—120.65°E, 26.35°N—27.07°N)夏、秋、冬、春4个季节的海洋生态调查资料, 探讨了该水域浮游动物的数量分布、季节变化及其与水团变化的关系。结果表明, 调查水域浮游动物的平均生物量依次是: 夏季(479.51 mg/m3)>秋季(257.37 mg/m3)>春季(241.86 mg/m3)>冬季(84.05 mg/m3), 平均丰度依次是: 夏季(156.36 ind./m3)>春季(91.57 ind./m3)>秋季(40.34 ind./m3)>冬季(21.82 ind./m3), 生物量和丰度均值都呈现出夏季、秋季到冬季依次减少, 春季增多的趋势, 不同的是秋季生物量均值高于春季, 而丰度均值低于春季。在夏、冬和春三季, 浮游动物的总生物量和总丰度的分布总体较为一致; 而在秋季, 浮游动物的总生物量和总丰度的分布几乎相反。百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)和微剌哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)是影响夏季总丰度分布最主要的种类; 链钟水母(Desmophyes annectens)是影响秋季总丰度分布最主要的种类; 驼背隆哲水蚤(Acrocalanus gibber)、亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)和百陶箭虫对冬季总丰度的分布起到了重要影响; 五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)和微剌哲水蚤是春季占总丰度比例较高的种类。浮游动物数量各季不同分布模式的根本原因是台湾暖流和浙闽沿岸流水团的季节性变化所致。研究结果不仅对了解与评价区域海洋生态系统动态和生物多样性变化具有重要的理论意义, 而且还可以丰富我国近海水域浮游动物的生态特征与水团变化之间的关系。

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF NORTHERN FUJIAN IN RELATION TO THE SEASONALVARIATION OF WATER MASSES

This study analyzed the distribution patterns and seasonal variation of zooplankton, and the effects of the water masses based on the data collected from four oceanographic surveys in the coastal waters of northern Fujian (120.10°E—120.65°E, 26.35°N—27.07°N) during the summer, autumn, winter and spring from 2015 to 2016, we analyzed the distribution patterns and seasonal variation of zooplankton, and the effects of the water masses. The results indicated that the average biomass of zooplankton was was followed as summer (479.51 mg/m3)>autumn (257.37 mg/m3)>spring (241.86 mg/m3)>winter (84.05 mg/m3), and the average abundance of zooplankton was was followed as summer (156.36 ind./m3)>spring (91.57 ind./m3)>autumn (40.34 ind./m3)>winter (21.82 ind./m3). The average biomass and the abundance of zooplankton both decreased from summer, autumn to winter in turn, while increased in spring. The average biomass in autumn was higher than that in the spring, on the contrary, the average abundance was lower than that in the spring. In summer, winter and spring, the distribution of total biomass and total abundance of zooplankton were generally consistent. While in autumn, the distribution patterns were almost in the opposite direction. Sagitta bedoti and Canthocalanus pauper were the most important species which had impact onregulating the distribution of total abundance in summer, and Desmophyes annectens was the most important species for the distribution of total abundance in autumn. In winter, Acrocalanus gibber, Eucalanus subcrassus and Sagitta bedoti had an important impact onmainly mediated the distribution of total abundance. Muggiaea atlantica and Canthocalanus pauper were the two species that had a higher proportion of total abundance in spring. The seasonal variation of the Taiwan warm current and Zhe-Min coastal current was the root factor that decidedto decide the distribution patterns of zooplankton in each season. The results not only had an important theoretical significance for understanding and evaluating the dynamics of regional marine ecosystem and biodiversity changes, but also could improved the relationship between the ecological characteristics of zooplankton and water mass changes in China’s offshore waters.