温度对4种大型海藻氮磷吸收效率及光合生理特性的影响

研究以裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneaformis)、坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)为实验材料, 分析了不同温度(15、20、25、30℃)下4种大型海藻对海水中N、P元素的吸收效率和光合特性的特点。结果显示: (1)4种大型海藻对水体N、P均有明显的吸收效果, 吸收能力高低依次为肠浒苔>裂片石莼>坛紫菜>龙须菜; (2)温度过高或过低都会限制藻类对N、P的吸收和正常生长, 同时降低4种藻的相对电子传递速率及光化学效率; (3)裂片石莼与肠浒苔的N、P吸收能力强, 且光合系统对温度耐受性高, 是实施养殖污水生物净化的良好材料; (4)4种海藻对水体中N、P营养盐的吸收在48h内基本完成, 实地应用中可考虑24—48h周期换水或采用流通循环式的培养模式, 以达到既促进藻类的生长又提高营养盐吸收效率的目的, 以避免藻体因营养缺乏引起负生长而造成二次污染。

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARATERISTICS IN FOUR MACROALGAE SPECIES

Purifying wastewater with biological methods is highly important in the field of ecological recirculating aquaculture. To study the effects of temperature on the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus and photosynthetic performance of macroalgae in sea water, four species including Ulva fasciata, Ulva intestinalis, Gracilaria lemaneaformis and Pyropia haitanensis were cultured under four temperature conditions (15, 20, 25 and 30℃). The results showed that: (1) most N and P had been absorbed by the four macroalgae species, and the absorbing ability from high to low is Ulva intestinalis>Ulva fasciata>Pyropia haitanensis>Gracilaria lemaneaformis; (2) extremely high and low temperature will limit the absorbing of N and P, growth, relative electron transfer rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence in four macroalgae species; (3) U. fasciata and U. intestinalis were the best choices due to their high absorption rates of N and P and the tolerance of a wide temperature range; (4) nitrogen and phosphorus could be completely absorbed within 48h by the four macroalgae species. To promote algal growth, improve the removal efficiency of nutrients, as well as prevent secondary pollution caused by nutrition limited negative growth of macroalgae, it’s better to replace the wastewater within 24—48h, or apply the circulation mode in the process of wastewater treatment.