发酵豆粕替代鱼粉和豆粕对罗氏沼虾生长、血清生化及免疫基因表达的影响

为研究发酵豆粕在罗氏沼虾饲料中的适宜用量及替代后可能造成的影响, 以含有30%鱼粉和18%豆粕的饲料为基础饲料(T0组), 分别用2% (T2组)、5% (T5组)、8% (T8组)、15% (T15组)的发酵豆粕等蛋白替代基础饲料中的鱼粉和豆粕(2﹕1), 共配制5种等氮等能的实验饲料。选用初始均重为(0.17±0.02) g的罗氏沼虾在室内水泥池网箱中进行为期64d的养殖实验。结果显示, 发酵豆粕对鱼粉和豆粕的替代量影响罗氏沼虾的生长、血清生化及免疫基因表达。随着发酵豆粕添加量的增加, 增重率和特定生长率呈先升后降的趋势, 都以T8组最高。血清中丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力随发酵豆粕添加量的增加均呈先升后降的趋势, 各替代组丙二醛含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和总蛋白含量呈先下降后上升的趋势, 且替代组不同程度低于对照组; T15组Toll受体、NF-κB、HSP70转录水平表达量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。以上结果表明用不同水平的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉和豆粕, 显著影响罗氏沼虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫机能; 在实验条件下, 罗氏沼虾饲料中的发酵豆粕最佳使用量为8%。

THE REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL TO FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE,SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES,AND IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION IN GIANT RIVER PRAWN, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and immune genes in giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and to find a suitable proportion of FSBM to replace FM in diets. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for giant river prawn, among which a basal diet (T0) containing 30% FM and 18% SBM was treated as the control group, and the FM and SBM (2﹕1) in the basal diets replaced by 2% (T2), 5% (T5), 8% (T8) and 15% (T15) of FSBM respectively were treated as experimental diets. Giant river prawns with initial average body weight of (0.17±0.02) g were cultured for 64 days in indoor net cages at a cement tank. Results showed that with increasing FSBM supplemental level, the growth rate and specific growth rate increased firstly and then decreased, and the highest value was found in group T8. Serum superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content firstly increased and then decreased. MDA of all experimental groups was higher than that of the control group. Serum aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase activity and total protein content had decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend, and the values in all experimental groups were lower than the control group. Gills Toll receptor mRNA and NF-κB mRNA expression levels and hepatopancreas heat shock protein mRNA relative expression levels in group T15 were the highest among all groups. All these results indicated that the replacement of FM and SBM with FSBM would affect growth, antioxidant ability and immunity, and the optimum amount of FSBM was 8% in the diets in this experiment.