绿盲蝽及其天敌在不同生态条件下的发生动态研究

2005年～2007年,在山东省德州市农科院良种场棉田内系统研究了不同生境对抗虫棉绿盲蝽及其天敌发生动态的影响。试验设5个试验10种处理：即远离果园棉、紧靠果园棉,亩株数3600株均行、亩株数3000株并大小行种植棉,合理化控棉、不化控棉,纯作棉田和插种葵花棉田,双基因抗虫棉和单基因抗虫棉。在棉花的整个生育期系统调查不同生境棉田主要害虫及其天敌的种群数量。结果表明,不同生境抗虫棉田内绿盲蝽天敌的种类基本相同,主要为龟纹瓢虫、七星瓢虫、中华草蛉、大草蛉、华姬蝽、小花蝽、T-纹豹蛛、三突花蛛、草间小黑蛛等。不同生境抗虫棉田内绿盲蝽及其天敌种群数量差异明显。远离果园棉、低密度亩株数3000株并大小行种植棉、合理化控棉能减轻绿盲蝽的发生,但不利于绿盲蝽天敌的发生;种植双基因抗虫棉能减轻绿盲蝽的发生且对绿盲蝽天敌影响不大;插种葵花的棉田即能增加绿盲蝽天敌的数量,又能减轻绿盲蝽的发生。研究还表明绿盲蝽及其天敌在远离果园棉、紧靠果园棉下发生趋势基本一致,仅是发生量存在明显差异,远离果园棉田的绿盲蝽及其天敌百株发生量显著低于紧靠果园棉田（P〈0.05）;合理化控棉田、亩株数3000株大小行棉田内的绿盲蝽及其天敌发生数量显著低于不化控棉田、亩株数3600株均行棉田内的发生数量（P〈0.05）;双基因抗虫棉田内的绿盲蝽百株发生量显著低于单基因抗虫棉田发生数量（P〈0.05）;插种葵花棉田内的绿盲蝽百株发生量极显著低于纯作棉田（P〈0.01）、插种葵花棉田内的绿盲蝽天敌百株发生量显著高于纯作棉田（P〈0.05）,葵花对绿盲蝽及其天敌的诱集效果非常显著,在转基因棉田插种葵花是保益灭害控制绿盲蝽的有效方法之一。

Study on the occurrence dynamic of Lygus lucorum Mayr and natural enemies in different ecological conditions

The influence of different ecological habitats on occurrence dynamics of Lygus lucorum Mayr and natural enemies were systematically studied in the cotton field of Dezhou Agricultural Science Academe in Shandong Province during 2005 -2007. The five experiments and ten treatments were set, including the cotton away from orchard, the cotton close to orchard; 3600 plants per 667 m^2 with equal rows, 3000 plants per 667 m^2 with wide and narrow rows; the cotton with proper chemical control, the cotton without chemical control; the single transgenic cotton, the transgenic cotton interplanting sunflowers; the cotton with two insect-resistant genes, the cotton with single insect-resistant gene. The population of main pests and natural enemies were systemically investigated in different ecological habitats during the period of cotton growth. The results indicated that L. lucorum and natural enemies were almost the same in different ecological habitats. The main pests included Propylaeajaponica, Coccinella septempuctata, Chrysopa sinica, Chrysopa sepetempunctata, Nabis spp. , Sinoferus sp. , Orius similis, Pardosa T-insignita, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Erigondium gramincola, etc. The population of L. lucorum and natural enemies were obviously different in various ecological habitats. Harms were reduced in treatments of the cotton away from orchard, 3000 plants per 667 m^2 with wide and narrow rows and the cotton with proper chemical control, but these treatments were not beneficial to natural enemies. The harm was also reduced in the treatment of the cotton with two insect - resistant genes, and the population of natural enemies was not changed. The population of natural enemies was increased in the treatment of the transgenic cotton interplanting sunflowers while the harm was reduced. The other results indicated that the occurrence tendency of L. lucorum and natural enemies in the cotton away from orchard was the same as viously lower than that in the cotton fields close to orchard （ P 〈0. 05 ） ;The populations of