Geneflow的溯源及其在生物安全和进化研究中的意义

尽管geneflow源于群体遗传学和进化生物学，但已成为环境生物安全文献中常见的科学术语。花粉介导的geneflow在自然界中广泛存在并对物种和群体的进化有着特殊重要的意义。随着转基因生物技术的快速发展和转基因作物在全球范围内的广泛种植，转基因随geneflow发生逃逸及其可能带来的潜在生态进化影响已经成为环境生物安全评价和研究的重要内容，备受全球广泛关注，geneflow这个术语在我国也被频繁引用。但是，geneflow的中文术语在我国各种文献资料中存在着十多种翻译版本，这些不同的翻译版本形式不同且内容略有差异，容易给环境生物安全问题的理解和研究造成不必要的混乱。本文对geneflow的概念及其内涵进行了回顾，并对不同形式的geneflow术语在国内外相关研究领域中使用的历史溯源进行了阐述。笔者建议使用“基因流”作为geneflow在中文应用中的统一术语，这也最接近群体遗传学和进化生物学等相关著作中geneflow的原意。基于此，对基因流在转基因逃逸及其相关的环境生物安全评价以及群体遗传学和进化生物学研究方面的理论和应用意义进行了讨论。

Tracking Chinese terminology of gene flow： its implications in biosafety and evolutionary research

As an important term used in population genetics and evolutionary biology, gene flow often appears in literature and documents. This term was originally translated as ＂Jiyinliu＂ in Chinese for that purpose. The extensive cultivation of genetically engineered （GE） crops in the world has largely promoted the use of this term because of the worldwide concerns over the potential ecological impacts caused by transgene escape via gene flow. Consequently, a dozen of Chinese versions of the same English term have been translated and used by scientists from different disciplines. These Chinese terms include ＂Jiyinpiaoyi＂, ＂Jiyinliudong＂ , ＂Jiyinpia- oliu＂, ＂Jiyinpiaoshi＂ , ＂Jiyinpiaobian＂ , and ＂Jiyinkuosan＂ that represent slightly different forms and meanings in Chinese. These terms are frequently used in different scientific or policy documents relating to environmental biosafety of GE crops, which has caused considerable confusion to understand the environmental biosafety issues caused by gene flow, both among scientists and the public. In this paper, we review the concept of the term gene flow in the sense of population genetics and evolutionary biology, and track the interpretation of this term both in old English and Chinese literatures. We particularly traced the changes of different Chi- nese translation of gene flow in published literatures for the last half century when the term was first introduced to China. Based on our historian＇s work and the original definition of the term, we suggest retaining the original translation of gene flow as ＂Jiyinliu＂ that reflects the closest meaning of the English term both for biosafety issues and population/evolutionary biology. We also discussed the concept of gene flow in terms of environmental biosafety assessment and population/evolutionary studies.