湖北省外来入侵生物及其与社会经济活动的关系

采用实地调查和查阅文献的方法,系统地研究了湖北省外来入侵生物的发生概况,分析了其传入途径及其与人类活动的关系。结果表明,当前湖北省共有外来入侵物种163种。其中,植物病原微生物14种,水生杂草3种,陆生杂草101种,水生无脊椎动物2种,陆生无脊椎动物17种,两栖爬行类3种,鱼类18种,哺乳类5种。在外来入侵杂草中,菊科最多（32种）,占总数的30.8%;禾本科次之（11种）;豆科排第3位（10种）。外来生物入侵湖北省的主要途径有2类：（1）有目的引进,占入侵物种总数的53.4%;（2）无意带入,占入侵物种总数的46.6%。1990-2009年,湖北省的外来入侵物种数随该省的GDP、入境旅游人数、进出口总额和交通密度的增加而明显上升。因此,在大力发展经济的同时,有必要进一步加强引种监管,严格执行检疫措施,以防止新的外来生物入侵。同时,需开展外来入侵生物的防控技术研究,以遏制已入侵物种的传播蔓延,控制其危害。

Invasive species in Hubei Province, China and its relationship with the social and economic activities

In this paper, field survey and literature review was adopted to systematically study the occurrence of alien invasive species in Hubei Province, China. Ways of introduction of invasive species and the relationship between invasion and human activity were analysed. We found records of 163 alien invasive species in Hubei Province, including 14 plant pathogens, 3 species of aquatic weeds, 101 terrestrial weeds, 2 aquatic invertebrates, 17 terrestrial invertebrates, 3 amphibians or reptiles, 18 fishes and 5 mammals. Among the invasive weeds, most species belonged to the family Asteraceae （ 32 species）, accounting for 30.8% of the total, followed by Poaceae （11 species） and Leguminosae （10 species）. We identified two main routes of invasion of alien species into Hubei Prow nce： the escape of intended introduction of species （53.4% of all invasives） ; the other is accidental introduction, accounting for＇46.6% of invasive species. The number of alien invasive species rose year by year after the 1980s. The number of alien invasive species was positively correlated with the GDP, the number of incoming passengers, total import and export, and density of traffic in Hubei Province. The results indicate that it is necessary to further strengthen the species introduction regulation and strict implementation of quarantine measures to prevent a new invasion of invasive species. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out prevention and control technology research of invasive species, in order to curb the spread and hazard caused by the already-invaded species.