我国深海微生物资源研发现状、挑战与对策

深海具有多种复杂独特的生境,蕴藏着极为丰富的物种多样性,被公认为未来重要的基因资源来源地,具有巨大的应用开发潜力。目前,深海微生物资源已成为国家重要的战略资源储备,也是各国海洋战略的核心关注点。预计在未来20年内,深海微生物资源将在多个领域得到产业化应用。我国在历时近二十年的深海微生物资源采探中,已分离鉴定并规范保藏大洋来源的菌株9 376株,分属于1 443个种444个属,实现了一定的资源积累,并快速提升了知识产权拥有量。但是,随着深海微生物资源获取和开发活动的快速发展,联合国大会"养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围以外海域的生物多样性"谈判进程趋紧,我国深海微生物资源领域依然存在采样区域较为局限、绝大多数微生物难以培养、资源量有待扩容、产业化推进机制缺失、知识产权占有量不足等问题。因此,本文认为应从加强政策引导、强化资源库的基础建设、建立产学研一体化机制、增强国际合作几个方面入手,实现我国深海生物资源产业由"跟跑者"到"领跑者"的跨越。

Advances and challenges in deep sea microbial resource research and development of China

The deep sea has a variety of unique ecosystems and abundant biodiversity,which is considered as an important source of genetic resources for application in the future.At present,deep sea microbes have been recognized as novel resources of strategic importance and are arousing significant concerns in the world society.It is believed that the deep sea microbial resources will enter the period of industrial application in different areas in the next twenty years.Exploration of deep sea microbial resources started nearly 20 years ago in China.By now,about ten thousands of deep sea microorganisms belonging to 1 443 species of 444 genera have been isolated and deposited in the culture collection center.These bio-resources and the relative patents have increased the ownership of intellectual property.However,with rapid increase of deep sea activities in global oceans,we have to face more challenges,to enlarge our expedition areas,and to increase our bio-resource deposit and intellectual property,in respect to the negotiation of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ).Moreover,technical advances are urged to explore the dark materials of deep sea microbial resources.Thus,we need time and strategies to contribute more to the whole world in deep sea exploration,based on better policy,better infrastructure for bio-resources management,the bridge from study to production,and tighter international cooperation.