外来斑潜蝇的优势寄生蜂——冈崎姬小蜂生物学特性及应用研究进展

冈崎姬小蜂是我国多种潜叶蝇的优势寄生蜂。鉴于蔬菜潜叶蝇尤其是入侵斑潜蝇在我国的肆意扩散和危害，本文总结了冈崎姬小蜂的分类地位、分布和田间发生、寄主种类、取食和繁殖、性比等生物生态学特性和田间应用进展。冈崎姬小蜂是一种抑性、卵育型的幼虫内寄生蜂，通过产卵寄生和取食2种方式致死寄主；雌蜂对寄主的偏好具有“寄主大小依赖型性别分配”现象；寄生蜂具有广泛的温度适应性和极强的控害潜力，尤其适用于控制入侵我国的相对耐高温的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇。未来将以更高效利用该寄生蜂为目标，主要集中于：（1）生物生态学和环境适应性的全面深入研究；（2）雌蜂寄主取食行为特性及生理机制的研究；（3）因地制宜的规模化饲养技术和释放应用技术研究；（4）与其他潜叶蝇寄生蜂的协同控害及竞争共存机制研究。

Research advances in biological characteristics and application of Neochrysocharis okazakii (Kamijo) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae)

Neochrysocharis okazakii （Kamijo） is a dominant parasitoid species of the agromyzid leafminers in China. In this article, we review the biological characteristics of Neochrysocharis okazakii, including taxonomic status, distribution and field occurrences, host species, host feeding, reproduction, longevity, sex ratio, and the current use of this parasitoid in field against vegetable agromyzid leafminers. N.okazakii is a synovigenic, idiobiont and endoparasitoid that can kill the host by ovipositing and feeding on larval stage of the host; Meanwhile, the host preference for females is consistent with ＂host size dependent sex allocation＂. This parasitoid has a wide range temperature adaptability and effective control potential of leafminer pests. It particularly controls Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii（Burgess）, even at relatively high temperature conditions. In order to efficiently use this parasitoid in the filed, we propose that future research should focus on： （1） a comprehensive and in depth study of the bio ecological and environmental adaptive capacity of the species; （2） host feeding behavior and physiological mechanisms; （3） large scale rearing techniques and various intensive release regulations consistent with local conditions; and （4） the cooperative control of pests and the competitive coexistence mechanisms with other agromyzid leafminers parasitoid speices.