日本仙人掌中仙人掌孢囊线虫形态和分子鉴定

【背景】近年来,种苗等植物通过邮寄包裹进入我国的数量越来越多,有害生物随之入侵的风险与日俱增。深圳口岸曾多次从入境包裹中截获孢囊线虫、根结线虫等。【方法】2015年10月12日,深圳口岸在对日本邮寄来的仙人掌进行检疫时,从其根部发现了一种孢囊线虫。对该线虫进行分离,结合形态学和28S r DNA序列扩增并测序的方法,对截获的线虫进行鉴定。【结果】分离到了一种孢囊线虫,其形态特征与仙人掌孢囊线虫基本吻合,28S r DNA序列与Gen Bank数据库中登录号为DQ328702的德国群体的同源性高达99%。因此,判定截获的线虫为仙人掌孢囊线虫。【结论与意义】入境包裹检疫需要引起口岸检疫部门的高度重视。采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法对植物寄生线虫进行鉴定,可以得到更加准确的结果。

Morphological and molecular identification of the plant-parasitic nematode Cactodera cacti, intercepted in shipments of Opuntia stricta from Japan

Background] In recent years, the number of seedlings imported by parcel post increased sharply, increasing the potential risk of entry of new pests. Shenzhen port has repeatedly intercepted cyst and root knot nematodes from such shipments.Method] In October 12, 2015, Shenzhen port found a kind of cyst nematode in the cactus shipments from Japan. Then the nematodes were identified with morphological methods and 28S rDNA sequence amplification and sequencing.Result] Extracted nematode life forms included females, cysts, juveniles and eggs. Morphological characteristics of the intercepted cyst nematode were basically consistent with Cactodera cacti, and the 28S rDNA of which matched well (99% similarity) with those of the C. cacti deposited in GenBank (accession number DQ328702). According to the morphological and molecular data, the intercepted cyst nematode was confirmed to be the cactus cyst nematode, C. cacti, so far not known to occure in China.Conclusion and significance] Inspection and quarantine departments need to pay more attention to the parcel post shipments containing plant material. Plant parasitic nematodes identified with the combination of morphological and molecular methods, will yield more accuracy.