小型植保无人机超低量喷雾防治稻水象甲

【目的】通过建立适宜新疆荒漠绿洲特殊生态环境的稻水象甲超低量喷雾技术,为稻水象甲的大面积统防统治提供新型施药技术。【方法】以小型遥控多旋翼植保无人机(UAV)为施药机械,以稻水象甲常规喷雾防效大于90%的药剂为首选药剂,开展了药剂、施药量、助剂以及施药机型的筛选试验。【结果】施药后3、7、14和21 d虫口密度高于防治指标的样地所占比例依次为35.71%、21.43%、35.71%和78.57%。30%氯虫·噻虫嗪187.5 mL·hm~(-2)防效最佳,14 d药效高达93.43%;药后21 d,球孢白僵菌3000 mL·hm~(-2)的防效最高,达84.65%。各药剂施药量与防效呈正相关。此外,UAV喷雾防治稻水象甲时,添加助剂的平均防效可提高22.29%~28.49%。【结论】在农业精准施药、绿色生产中,综合考虑供试药剂的施药量、持效期、防效和药后存活虫量,建议以30%氯虫·噻虫嗪SC和14%氯虫·高氯氟CS作为全程以UAV为施药机械防治稻水象甲的首选药剂,在稻水象甲种群发展前中期优先考虑低浓度施药量;同时,为避免UAV在实际作业中药液雾滴发生飘失和流失问题,可以考虑添加飞防助剂提升防效。

Prevention and control of the rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by ultra-low volume spray of plant protection UAV

Aim]In order to control rice water weevil overlarge areas, a new ultra-low volume spraying technology was developed, and tested under the special environmental conditions of a Xinjiang desert oasis.Method]Selecting and optimizing experiments including pesticides, spray rates, adjuvants and spray equipment were carried out by using a remote-controlled multi-rotor plant protection sprayer as pesticide application machine and conventional pesticides for controlling rice water weevil whose efficiency was higher than 90% as the first agents.Result]After pesticide application for 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d, the proportion of plots where the density of insect populations was higher than the damage thershold was 35.71%, 21.43%, 35.71%, and 78.57%, respectively. The best control effect (93.43%) was achieved by 30% chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam with the dosage of 187.5 mL·hm^-2 after 14 d of pesticide application. After pesticide application for 21 d, the control effect by Beauveria bassiana with the dosage of 3000 mL·hm^-2 was the highest(84.65%). The spray rate of each agent was positively correlated with the control effect. In addition, when UAV spray was used to control rice weevil, the average control effect of adding adjuvants could increase 22.29%-28.49%.Conclusion]To achieve precision while minimising pesticide use, it is recommened that 30% chlorfenidil and thiamethoxam SC and 14% chlorfenidil and high chlorofluorocarbon CS were the first choices against the rice water weevil. In the early and middle development of the rice water weevil population, low-concentration applications were sufficient.