网络理论在入侵生物学中的应用研究现状

生物入侵是一个动态有序的过程，其发生和危害存在异质性，通常由来源地、入侵地和它们之间的连接构成的系统中的自然、生物、社会等因素所决定。网络理论是研究复杂系统的一种新方法，本质是从复杂的信息中抽象出规律、揭示系统的结构特征共性。近20年，网络理论已被应用于生物入侵研究。本研究综述了网络理论在生物入侵研究中的应用进展，明确了主要的研究方向和前沿热点，认为:2000年以来国际上已开展的研究集中在评估外来物种入侵风险和入侵后对生态系统影响2个方面;外来物种随运输网络入侵的风险评估和景观连接性对入侵物种扩散的影响、外来物种入侵对本地物种间互作网络的影响及生态群落可入侵性是网络理论应用的热点;研究热点具有明显的时间发展特征，2013年以前多是对生态系统的影响，近10年来主要是风险评估。我国利用网络理论研究外来物种入侵较少且集中于对生态系统的危害，未来应加强对外来物种的时空定量传入和扩散风险评估，为我国制定和提升外来入侵物种早期监测预警、阻止新的入侵、抑制进一步扩散的管理措施提供依据。

Research status of network theory in invasion biology

Biological invasion is a complex and orderly dynamic process characterized by remarkable spatiotemporal heterogeneity of occurrence and harm. Such heterogeneity is usually determined by the interaction of natural, biological, and social factors in the system composed of origin, invasion place, and their connections. Network theory is a method to study complexity science and complex systems. Its essence lies in revealing the commonness of structural features behind the complex system, abstracting the rules and common features from complex information. In the past 20 years, network theory has been applied to the study of biological invasions. The objective of this study was to review the progress of the application of network theory in biological invasions, clarify the main research directions and hot topics, and provide new ideas and methods for the innovative research of biological invasions in China. Since 2000, the published studies on biological invasions using network theory mainly focused on assessing the risk of invasive species and the impact of invasive species on ecosystems. The risk assessment of invasive species in transcontinental transport networks, the effect of landscape connectivity on the dynamics of invasive species expansion and diffusion, and the impact of invasive species on the network of interactions between species in local ecosystems are the hot topics. Before 2013, published papers mainly focused on ecosystem impacts, and in the last ten years, it was primarily on risk assessment of alien species. Few studies have been carried out on network theory in China, and all concentrated on the ecological system damage. Future studies on the risk assessment of spatio-temporal quantitative introduction and spread of invasive alien species should be strengthened by using network theory and thus upgrade our managing ability for early monitoring and warning of a new invasion and prevent the introduction and spread of more invasive species.