中国进境水果携带粉蚧疫情分析(2013—2016)

【目的】中国是水果生产大国和进口大国。水果是最容易携带虫害的产品之一,粉蚧是口岸水果检疫过程中常发现的害虫类群,中国口岸每年从进境水果截获大量粉蚧。通过分析中国进境水果携带粉蚧疫情,可为一线口岸检疫查验提供指导,为相关部门开展产地检疫和口岸监测提供依据,以防止危险性粉蚧的传入,保障中国水果生产安全,促进国际水果贸易健康发展。【方法】通过FAO网站、动植物检验检疫信息资源共享服务平台、中国知网等收集中国进境水果贸易数据及其携带粉蚧疫情,统计分析了中国水果进口贸易情况、粉蚧截获情况以及截获粉蚧的种类、来源地、截获口岸和寄主。【结果】2013—2016年,中国口岸从进境水果上截获的昆虫中粉蚧科昆虫截获量最大,占47.31%;其中截获量前十的粉蚧种类为杰克贝尔氏粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、双条拂粉蚧、大洋臀纹粉蚧、南洋臀纹粉蚧、柑橘棘粉蚧、甘蔗簇粉蚧、康氏粉蚧、菠萝灰粉蚧和李比利氏灰粉蚧;而这些有害生物的主要来源地为越南和泰国;粉蚧的主要截获口岸为广西、深圳和云南;而火龙果、榴莲、龙眼和山竹是截获粉蚧最多的进境水果。【结论】中国进境水果粉蚧疫情与水果的贸易量和贸易方式、输出国有害生物发生和检疫除害处理措施、口岸关注度和能力建设等情况相关。

Interceptions of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) on imported fruits, 2013-2016

Aim] China is a major producer and a major importer on the world fruit markets. Fruit is one of the most vulnerable products to carrying insect pests. Mealybugs are commonly found pests at quarantine ports. This work intends to identify the major ports and products that were important in mealybug interceptions to help port monitoring of mealybugs and prevent the introduction of dangerous mealybugs, and ensure the safety of Chinese fruit production, and promote the safety of international fruit trade.Method] In this paper, information of trade and pests intercepted of Chinese imported fruits was collected from FAO website, Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Information Resource Sharing Service Platform, China Knowledge Network, etc. The mealybug interceptions of Chinese imported fruits and species, country of origin, interception ports and hosts of intercepted mealybugs were statistically analyzed.Result] In 2013-2016, mealybugs were the most frequently intercepted insect groups, accounting for 47.31% of all interceptions. The ten most commonly intercepted species were Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus minor, Planococcus lilacinus, Pseudococcus cryptus, Exallomochlus hispidus, Pseudococcus comstocki, Dysmicoccus brevipes, and Dysmicoccus lepelleyi. Viet Nam and Thailand were the most important countries of origin, and Guangxi, Shenzhen, and Yunnan were the main interception ports. Mealybugs wer most frequently found on imported dragon fruits, durians, longans, and mangosteen.Conclusion] The interception of mealybugs on imported fruit was related to trade volumes and trade modes, the occurrence of pests and the treatment measures for quarantine in the country of origin, and the capacity of the quarantine at the receiving ports.