海洋外来物种入侵生态学研究

海洋外来物种入侵已成为最为严重的全球性环境问题之一。海洋生态系统类型多样、环境复杂，其生物入侵的监测、控制与管理难度相对较大。我国对陆地外来生物的入侵已开展了较为深入的研究，但对于海洋外来生物的入侵研究仍处于起步阶段，对其入侵监测、入侵机制、入侵危害的程度以及防治等问题缺乏基础数据。本文在分析国内外海洋外来生物入侵现状的基础上，概述其入侵生态学研究形势及相关成果，包括海洋外来物种的入侵途径、入侵过程、入侵生态效应以及全球变化对入侵的影响等。海洋外来生物的入侵可能对海洋生态系统造成直接或间接的影响，如种间竞争破坏生态环境、与土著种杂交造成遗传污染、病原生物及有毒藻类导致海洋生态灾害加剧等。此外，从政策和法规、入侵风险评估、监测和公共宣传教育、生物信息系统和有效管理机制等方面提出对我国海洋外来物种入侵的防治策略。本研究为我国海洋外来物种的进一步研究提供了参考。

The ecology of invasions by marine exotic species

The invasion by exotic marine species is one of the most irreversible environmental problems facing this habitat. The diverse marine ecosystems and their complex environments bring challenges in terms of monitoring, control and management of these exotic species. Studies on terrestrial biological invasion in China have been numerous; but fewer studies have focused on marine exotic species in marine environment near China. Most marine exotic species analyses have been published without sufficient field investigation and experimental data. The lack of basic data regarding hazards assessment, prevention and control measure analyses remains the main challenge in those studies. In this paper, we analyzed the current situation, pathways, process and ecological effects of invasions and effects of global changes on invasions by marine exotic species. The exotic marine species have produced a great deal of negative impacts on the marine ecosystem. They compete or mate with native species, introduce pathogens and toxic algae that will directly or indirectly damage the marine ecosystem. At last, the paper highlights the need to develop databases and information management system, risk assessment methodologies and plans, continue research, publish results, and develop education materials for the general public. This paper provided direction for further research in China.