广东省草皮种植场和城市草坪红火蚁发生为害程度调查

背景]在防控红火蚁的工作中，有效控制该虫传播途径、降低传播风险是预防的关键。随草皮调运传播是红火蚁扩散的重要方式之一。方法]采用活蚁巢密度、诱集比率、诱集工蚁数量、发生率等多个指标，调查评价了广东省主要草皮种植地区广州石基、广州增城、深圳南山、惠州博罗等草皮种植场和城市绿化草坪红火蚁发生程度。结果]广东省草皮种植场红火蚁发生普遍，携带该虫扩散传播的风险极大。不同地区草皮种植场红火蚁发生程度存在明显差异。惠州博罗草场红火蚁发生程度最重，活蚁巢密度、诱集比率、诱集工蚁数量和发生率分别为0．0085个·m^-2、56．75％、16．80头·个^-1和83．60％；深圳南山发生程度最轻，各项指标分别为0．0011个·m^-2、9．62％、0．92头·个^-1和24．50％。城市绿化草坪红火蚁发生较为普遍。调查的3个城市中惠州发生程度最重，活蚁巢密度、诱集比率、诱集工蚁数量和发生率等均最高，分别为0．0149个·m2、10．46％、14．30头·个-1和62．86％。不同品种草坪草红火蚁发生程度不同，以假俭草最高，以上4个指标分别为0．0140个·100m^-2、6．85％、5．57头·个^-1和51．43％。城区类型不同红火蚁发生程度不同，老城区红火蚁发生较轻，新城区较重，发生点常在移植草坪、绿化苗木区域。结论与意义广东省主要草皮种植区和城市草坪红火蚁发生均较为普遍，运输携带该虫传播的风险极大，研究结果可为加强草皮检疫、防止携带红火蚁传播提供依据。

Infestation of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) at turf plantations and lawns in Guangdong

Background ] The key measures in managing the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren were to effectively control the spread, and reduce the risk of spread. One of the important expansion ways for S. invicta is via human transportation with turf material. Method ] We examined the density of live nests, rate of bait trap occupancy, number of workers captured/bait trap, and the rate of infected turf plantation to reveal the infestation by S. invicta at the turf plantations of the cities of Shiji, Zengcheng, Nans- han, and Boluo in Guangdong Province, and on urban lawns of the cities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Huizhou in Guangdong Prov- ince, southern China. Result ] S. invicta was widely present on turf plantations of Guangdong, and the consequent risk of spread of the ant with the turf was very high. The infestations of the fire ant on turf plantations in different regions varied significantly. In the four surveyed regions, the fire ant at the turf plantations in Boluo, Huizhou was the most serious ： the density of live nests was 0.85 ind./100 m^2, 56.75% of bait traps captured workers, 16.80 workers were captured/bait trap, and 83.60% of the turf plantations were infected. The smallest values of these parameters were found in Nanshan, Shenzhen, with values of 0.11 ind./100 m2, 9.62%, 0.92 ind./bait, and 24.50%, respectively. The fire ants were common at urban lawns in Guangdong, with the highest in- festation in Huizhou, with values of 1.49 ind./100 m^2, 10.46%, 14.30 ind./bait, and 62.86%, respectively. Turf grass species had a significant effect on ant infestation. The fire ant infestation was the heaviest for Eremochloa ophiuroides, and the above four indices were 1.40 ind./100 m2, 6.85% , 5.57 ind./bait, and 51.43% , respectively. The fire ant infestations were serious in the old quarters of the city, and lower in the new ones. Most of the fire ants infected the newly planted lawns and pastures. Conclusion and significance ] The infestation of S. invicta at the turf plantations and urban lawn