常用萃取剂提取福寿螺卵中类胡萝卜素的初步研究

【背景】福寿螺为世界性恶性入侵水生动物，也是我国公布的第一批外来人侵物种之一。福寿螺大量啃食为害水稻、茭白、白莲等重要农作物，对我国南方各省农业生产造成了巨大威胁，因此，预防和控制福寿螺灾害显得尤为重要。合理利用福寿螺能有效控制福寿螺的数量和危害，是生物防治的一个重要部分。福寿螺卵中含丰富的类胡萝卜素，充分利用螺卵中的类胡萝卜素能拓展福寿螺的利用途径和方法。【方法】为探寻福寿螺卵中类胡萝卜素的提取方法，本研究采用甲醇、无水乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、石油醚等6种常用萃取剂提取福寿螺卵中类胡萝卜素，用紫外可见光分光光度计测定其含量。【结果】结果显示，不同萃取剂中类胡萝卜素的提取量不同，醇类为较适合的提取液（甲醇〉无水乙醇〉丙酮）。【结论与意义】本研究对福寿螺卵中类胡萝卜素的提取方法进行了探索和研究，找出了合适的提取液，为拓展福寿螺的利用途径，以及福寿螺的综合防治提供了参考。

Total carotenoids in the eggs of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Background ] Apple snail （ Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck） is a worldwide invasive aquatic animal and is one of the first alien invasive species recognised by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China. It eats important crops such as rice, Zizania aquatica, white lotus and has caused a great threat to agricultural production in Southern China. The control of apple snails and the management of their damage has become a priority. There are many carotenoids in the eggs of the golden apple snail, ration- al utilization of the carotenoids means to expand the use of apple snails, and can effectively control the harm. Method ] In order to research the extraction methods of carotenoid in the eggs of golden apple snail, total carotenoids were extracted using 6 different or- ganic solvents, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and petroleum ether. The resulting total carotenoid con- tent in the extract was measured by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Result ] The quantity of extracts varied in different sol- vents. Alcohols being the most suitable for extracting the carotenoids from the eggs （ methanol 〉 ethanol 〉 acetone）. Conclusion and significance ] Our study researched the method of extract carotenoids in eggs of apple snail, and identified the appropriate extrac- tion, which could help to develop means of utilisation of the eggs of this invasive sepcies, and thus contribute to its control.