苹果蠹蛾抗药性研究进展

苹果蠹蛾是世界各国高度关注的严重危害苹果生产的外来有害生物。该虫于20世纪50年代在我国首次报道,目前是我国一类进境检疫性有害生物,正严重威胁我国苹果主产区的水果生产安全。苹果蠹蛾以幼虫钻蛀到果实内部为害,防治难度高,对其主要采用化学农药、交配干扰和苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒进行防治。由于农药的长期大量使用,苹果蠹蛾已对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、昆虫生长调节剂、阿维菌素和苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒等不同类型的杀虫剂产生了抗药性。本文总结了国内外有关苹果蠹蛾抗药性现状和抗药性机理方面的研究,并分析了其对几种农药产生抗性的主要原因,同时结合国外苹果蠹蛾防治和抗药性相关研究,以及其在我国发生与防治的现状,提出该虫抗药性治理策略,即及时对我国疫区苹果蠹蛾的抗药性现状进行监测,在此基础上,注意科学地使用化学农药,并结合农业防治和生物防治等措施对该虫进行综合治理。

Research advances concerning insecticide resistance in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.)

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most important pest insects in fruit orchards worldwide as well as an important invasive species in different regions of the world. In China, C. pomonella was first reported in the 1950ie-s and was considered a serious invasive species, threatening the safety of fruit production. As the larvae of codling moth bear into the fruit, it is difficult to control this pest. Chemical insecticides, mating disruption and the virus CpGV were the main control methods. In different regions of the world, C. pomonella had developed resistance to different types of insecticides including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators, abamectin and CpGV. In this paper, the status of insecticide resistance, knowledge on the development insecticide resistance, the resistance mechanisms and the main reasons causing resistance in the codling moth to different types of insecticides throughout the world were reviewed. Additionally, we propose integrated management strategies for the control of this pest in China, which includes proper use of chemical insecticides, as well as the application of agricultural and biological control methods based on the resistance monitoring.