“世界100种恶性外来入侵物种”在我国大陆的入侵现状

目的] 明确世界自然保护联盟公布的“世界100种恶性外来入侵物种”在我国大陆发生分布现状,为我国制定外来入侵物种管控对象和分级管理对策提供依据。方法] 基于在线数据库系统、文献报道以及外来入侵物种本底调查结果,采用分类统计方法,对物种的分类地位、原产地、在我国的入侵状态及其所在的生态系统进行分析。结果] 世界100种恶性外来入侵物种已有82种在我国发生分布,包括本地种33种、外来入侵种32种、外来非入侵种16种,以及未明确入侵状态1种。其中,32种外来入侵种包括陆生无脊椎动物8种、哺乳动物2种、鱼类2种、两栖动物1种、爬行动物1种、水生无脊椎动物2种、陆生植物9种、水生植物4种、真菌1种、卵菌1种和病毒1种。以上物种主要分布在东南沿海地区和西南地区,而较少分布在西北地区和东北地区;约75%物种分布在农田、城镇、森林和湿地4类生态系统。结论] 建议外来入侵物种管理部门重点关注尚未在国内发生分布的18种潜在外来入侵物种,并列入国家外来入侵物种相关管理对象,严防其传入与扩散;严密监控国内已发生且具有潜在危险的外来物种,防止其向可能入侵的生态系统边缘扩散;继续对在国内已发生的外来入侵种实施区域性分级控制管理措施。

The present status of 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species in Chinese mainland

Aim] A list of 100 of the world''s worst invasive alien species (IAS) has been compiled by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group in 2000. So far, no detailed analysis of the occurrence and distribution of these 100 species in Chinese mainland has been reported. Analyzing the invasion status of these species in Chinese mainland can provide a basis for developing hierarchical IAS management strategies. Method] A comprehensive survey of 100 of the world''s worst IAS was conducted through a literature review including online databases, books, and literature reports, as well as project reports on IAS in China. Data on taxonomic rank, occurrence status, provincial distribution, and affected ecosystems were standardized and categorized. Result] We identified 82 of the globally worst IAS that occurred in Chinese mainland: 33 species were actually native to China, 32 were IAS also in China, and 16 were not considered invasive; one species was without a clear identification of origin which could thus not be classified. The 32 IAS comprised eight terrestrial invertebrates, two mammals, two fish, one amphibian, one reptile, two aquatic invertebrates, nine land plants, four aquatic plants, one fungus, one oomycete, and one virus. These species were mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas and southwestern areas and rarely occurred in northeastern and northwestern China. Almost 75% of these species occurred in agricultural, urban, forest, and wetland ecosystems. Conclusion] Our results suggest that different management strategies should be adopted for these species. Particular attention should be paid to the 18 species that are currently absent from Chinese mainland. The management departments of IAS should make considerable efforts to list them as control targets of IAS nationally in order to prevent their introduction and spread. Regarding non-IAS, continued monitoring of their dispersal dynamics is needed to prevent their spread to the margins of ecosystems potentially threatened by invasion. Prevention and control hierarchy systems should be continuously applied in IAS management to minimize existing hazards by implementing effective control strategies.