不同杀虫剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力及田间药效

【目的】西花蓟马是一种世界性的危险性入侵害虫,筛选防治西花蓟马的有效药剂可为生产中科学用药提供依据。【方法】通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,测定了2种化学药剂和8种生物药剂对西花蓟马成虫的致死中浓度(LC_(50))和药后不同时期的防治效果。【结果】室内毒力测定依据LC_(50)值将各药剂对西花蓟马的敏感性由高到低依次排序为乙基多杀菌素(0.1958 mg·L~(-1))、印楝素(0.9399 mg·L~(-1))、苦参碱(1.2483 mg·L~(-1))、阿维菌素(1.8096 mg·L~(-1))、高效氯氰菊酯(4.4458 mg·L~(-1))、藜芦碱(10.7628 mg·L~(-1))、鱼藤酮(18.1898 mg·L~(-1))、吡虫啉(46.3964 mg·L~(-1))、松脂酸钠(131.5214 mg·L~(-1))、苏云金杆菌(446.2318 mg·L~(-1));田间药效试验发现,乙基多杀菌素和吡虫啉防治西花蓟马均表现出较强的速效性和持效性,药后1～14 d的防效分别可达84%和73%以上;其次是藜芦碱,药后1～14 d的防效可达48.15%～61.37%;高效氯氰菊酯的防效较低,药后14 d的防效为46.22%;生物药剂阿维菌素、苏云金杆菌、苦参碱、印楝素的速效性均较低,但防效随施药后时间的延长而逐渐上升;鱼藤酮持效性最低。【结论】乙基多杀菌素和吡虫啉可推荐为生产中防治西花蓟马的首选药剂,植物源药剂藜芦碱和生物药剂阿维菌素可作为交替使用药剂。

Toxicity and control efficacy of insecticides against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Aim] Frankliniella occidentalis is an important insect pest worldwide. This paper aimed to find effective insecticides against F.occidentalis and providing the basis for employing rational pesticide treatment under field conditions.Method] The toxicity and control efficacy of two chemical and eight biological pesticides were evaluated in the laboratory and under field conditions.Result] The laboratory bioassay in the laboratory showed that the pest sensitivity of each pesticide according to the LC₅₀ value was, in decreasing order:spinetoram (0.1958 mg·L^-1), azadirachtin (0.9399 mg·L^-1), matrine (1.2483 mg·L^-1), avermectin (1.8096 mg·L^-1), beta cypermethrin (4.4458 mg·L^-1), veratrine (10.7628 mg·L^-1), rotenone (18.1898 mg·L^-1), imidacloprid (46.3964 mg·L^-1), sodium terpinate (131.5214 mg·L^-1), Bacillus thuringiensis (446.2318 mg·L^-1). Under field conditions, the efficacy of spinetoram and imidacloprid against F.occidentalis were more than 84% and 73% from 1 to 14 days after spraying, respectively. The control efficacy by veratrine from 1 to 14 days after spraying was in the range of 48.15%-61.37%. The control efficacy of beta cypermethrin was relatively low:46.22% on day 14 after spraying. The efficacy of abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis, matrine and azadirachtin were relatively low, but the control efficiency increased gradually with time. Rotenone had the lowest persistence.Conclusion] Spinetoram and imidacloprid are recommended as the most effective insecticides against F.occidentalis in field and veratrum and avermectin can be used as rotating insecticides.