入境台湾果蔬3种重要有害生物的危害与防控

围绕入境台湾果蔬涉及的重要有害生物,在收集文献资料基础上,从传入和扩散、传入后的危害以及在中国大陆的适生区预测等3个方面阐述了橘小实蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇和螺旋粉虱在中国大陆的灾变过程。橘小实蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇和螺旋粉虱等3种有害生物相继传入台湾之后,分别经历了22年、17年和8年时间又相继传入中国大陆,且两者相距时间有缩短的趋势。橘小实蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇传入大陆后,得到迅速扩散蔓延,给大陆果蔬生产和贸易造成重大影响;而螺旋粉虱目前分布局限在海南,并在局部地区造成较严重的危害。台湾发生的有害生物在中国大陆均有较大范围的适生区,即便是已传入数十年的橘小实蝇,因气候等条件的变化,其在中国适生区也在扩大之中。根据分析结果,从有害生物风险分析、口岸查验和检疫、入侵害虫的监测与防控等方面提出有效管控入境台湾果蔬有害生物的对策措施。

Entry, infestation, and control of three economically important pests in the fruits and vegetables imported from Taiwan

Risk analysis and assessment of entry and spread of three economically important insect pests in the fruits and vegetables imported from Taiwan were conducted in order to provide strategies and tactics for early warning and control of the pests in the Mainland of China. Based on the available data and mathematical models, we analyzed and assessed the entry and spread, infestation and damage to their hosts, and potential geographical distribution in the Mainland of China of the three target pests, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and Aleurodicus disperses Russell. We found that time intervals between the first record in Taiwan and the first record in Mainland China were different, with 22 years for B. dorsalis, 17 years for L. trifolii, and 8 years for A. disperses. B. dorsalis and L. trifolii were widely distributed soon after they were found in Mainland China and caused significant damage to the production of fruits and vegetables in some regions. To date, however, the distribution of A. disperses has been limited in the Hainan Province and the infestation has been limited to some specific sites in the province. The three species are predicted to have a great potential of extending their geographical distribution in Mainland China. Based on our result, several strategies and tactics for management of the pests of fruits and vegetables imported from Taiwan are proposed, including risk analysis of potential invasive species, port inspection and quarantine, effective monitoring and control of the invaded pests in the fields.