基于功能性状多维性理解外来物种入侵的达尔文归化难题

达尔文归化难题是进行外来物种入侵预测的重要理论依据,然而,达尔文归化假说和预适应假说却预测了2种截然不同的结果。事实上,达尔文归化难题争论的焦点是物种间的差异性还是相似性促进了外来物种的成功入侵,究其原因可能是忽略了功能性状的多维性。所谓功能性状的多维性,就是不同的功能性状可能代表着不同的生态功能轴,外来物种的入侵是多个维度上不同生态过程的综合结果。本研究以现代物种共存理论为基础,构建了一个基于环境过滤和适合度差异2个维度的入侵预测模型框架,不同维度对应着不同的功能性状以及不同的种间相似性关系。该预测模型表明,在环境过滤维度上与本地物种性状趋同,同时,在适合度维度上与本地物种性状趋异的外来物种是潜在的入侵物种,而其危害程度主要取决于本地群落的构建过程。该模型框架可为外来物种入侵预警提供理论依据,也可为生物多样性保护、外来物种的防治与管理等提供实践指导。

Understanding Darwin's naturalization conundrum of alien species invasion based on the multidimensional nature of functional traits

Darwin''s naturalization conundrum provides an important theoretical basis for predicting the invasion of alien species. However, Darwin''s naturalization and pre-adaptation hypotheses predicted two different results. Darwin''s naturalization conundrum debates whether differences or similarities among species promote the successful invasion of alien species, which may be due to the neglect of the multidimensional nature of functional traits. The multidimensional nature of functional traits implies that different functional traits represent different ecological functional axes. Invasion by alien species is the result of different ecological processes in multiple dimensions. According to the modern species coexistence theory, this study constructed a model framework for invasion prediction based on the two dimensions of environmental filtering and fitness differences. Different dimensions correspond to different functional traits and species-similarity relationships. The prediction model showed that alien species that tended to be similar to native species in terms of environmental dimensions and different from native species in terms of fitness dimensions were potentially invasive species, and their damage mainly depended on the community assembly of native communities. The model framework can provide a theoretical basis for the early warning of alien species invasion and practical guidance for biodiversity protection and management.