几种除草剂对薇甘菊的防控效果

【背景】薇甘菊是一种外来入侵的恶性杂草,对当地农、林业造成了严重的危害。【方法】研究了草甘膦、氨氯吡啶酸、甲嘧磺隆、噻吩磺隆、苯磺隆、百草枯、五氟磺草胺、单嘧磺隆和单嘧磺脂9种除草剂对薇甘菊的化学防治,调查各药剂对薇甘菊的植株鲜重抑制率、叶片覆盖度和抑花率。【结果】氨氯吡啶酸25～100gai.hm-2、草甘膦1538～2306gai.hm-2、甲嘧磺隆100～400gai.hm-2、百草枯750、1125gai.hm-2、五氟磺草胺125gai.hm-2、噻吩磺隆11.25～33.75gai.hm-2和单嘧磺脂15～60gai.hm-2对薇甘菊营养生长控制效果较好。其中,百草枯短时间有效,草甘膦、五氟磺草胺、单嘧磺脂、单嘧磺隆、氨氯吡啶酸和甲嘧磺隆对薇甘菊的抑花率较高,苯磺隆和单嘧磺隆基本无效,且9种药剂对橡胶树均未表现出药害。【结论与意义】适当降低氨氯吡啶酸、甲嘧磺隆、草甘膦、五氟磺草胺、噻吩磺隆和单嘧磺脂的浓度可以保持薇甘菊营养生长而扼制种子蔓延。本研究首次发现五氟磺草胺、噻吩磺隆和单嘧磺脂对薇甘菊有良好的抑制效果。

Effective control of several herbicides on Mikania micrantha

Background] Mikania micrantha, an invasive exotic weed, caused serious economic losses to the local agriculture and forestry. It is therefore important to select herbicides that will effectively control the growth of M. micrantha. Method] Nine herbicides species, glyphosate, picloram, sulfometuron, thifensulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, paraquat, penoxsuam, monosulfuron and mo- nosulfuron ester were tested for the effectiveness to control M. micrantha. After spraying the herbicides on M. micrantha, the inhibition rate in terms of fresh weight, leaf coverage, and the suppression rate on the flowering were measured. Result] Picloram 25 100 g ai.hm-2 , glyphosate 1538 -2366 g ai.hm-2 , sulfometuron methyl 100 -400 g ai .hm-2, paraquat 750, 1125 g ai.hm-2 , penoxsuam 125 g ai-hm- 2, thifensulfuron 11.25 -33.75 g ai. hm- 2 and monosulfuron ester 15 N 60 g ai. hm- 2 were highly effective in controlling the weed M. micrantha and had little effect on the rubber trees in our experimental fields. Paraquat was the most effec- tive in short time. Glyphosate, penoxsuam, monosulfuron ester, monosulfuron, picloram, and sulfometuron had strong inhibitive effect on flowering of M. micrantha, but tribenuron-methyl and monosulfuron were ineffective. Conclusion and significance ] Reduc- ing reasonably the concentration of picloram, mexolamine, glyphosate, penoxsuam, thifensulfuron-methyl and monosulfuron ester can maintain vegetative growth but inhibit flowering, thus seed dispersal. This is the first experiment showing that penoxsuam, thifensulfuron-methyl and monosulfuron ester can effectively control M. micrantha.