蚜虫对设施辣椒产量和品质的影响

【目的】探讨不同蚜害等级危害对设施辣椒产量和品质的影响,为设施蔬菜的科学防控、按质定价及制定蚜虫经济阈值提供参考。【方法】通过田间蚜虫量调查,进行蚜害分级,并测定不同蚜害等级下辣椒叶片和果实的SPAD值,采收后记录单株果数,称重,计算座果率及单株果重等产量指标;同时测定不同蚜害等级下辣椒果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量等品质指标。【结果】当蚜害等级达Ⅲ级及以上时,即可导致设施辣椒产量和品质相关指标明显下降,且随着蚜害等级增加,下降越显著。当蚜害等级达Ⅴ时,辣椒叶片和果实的SPAD值比对照分别下降了38.29%和29.49%,辣椒座果率比对照下降了21.28%,单株果重比对照下降了40.09%,且1、2级果数量明显减少;辣椒可溶性糖、维生素C含量比对照分别下降了35.66%、39.29%,可溶性蛋白含量略有下降,但与对照无显著差异。【结论】当蚜害等级为Ⅲ级以上,即株虫量为50头以上时,辣椒产量、品质出现明显下降,因此,当辣椒整株虫量达50头以上时要及时进行蚜虫防治。

The influence of aphids on the yield and quality of facility peppers

Aim] To explore the effects of different levels of aphid damage on the yield and quality of greenhouse peppers and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of vegetables, pricing according to quality, and establishment of economic thresholds for aphids.Method] Through the investigation of aphid quantity in the field, aphid classification was carried out, and the SPAD values of pepper leaves and fruit under different aphid levels were determined. After harvesting, the number of fruits per plant was recorded and weighed, and yield indices such as fruit set rate and fruit weight per plant were calculated. Soluble proteins, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of pepper fruit under different aphid damage levels were also determined.Result]Levels III and above of aphid damage caused a significant decline in yield and quality of greenhouse peppers, and the degree of decline was more significant with an increased level of aphid damage. When the aphid level reached V, the SPAD value of leaves and fruit of the pepper plant significantly decreased by 38.29% and 29.49%, respectively, the fruit setting rate by 21.28%, the fruit weight per plant by 40.09%, as well as the number of 1st and 2nd grade fruit. The amounts of soluble sugar and vitamin C in pepper decreased by 35.66% and 39.29%, respectively. The crude protein content decreased slightly, but was not significantly different between pepper and the control.Conclusion] When aphid infestation reached more than 50 insects i.e., level III and above, yield and quality of pepper significantly decreased suggesting that this number can be considered the threshold for aphid control.