全球外来入侵生物与植物有害生物数据库的比较评价

【目的】为了明确全球生物安全与植物保护领域内数据库建设进展和我国数据库的建设成效,对全球重要的外来入侵生物与植物有害生物数据库进行分类介绍和比较评价研究。【方法】根据数据库收录物种的地理范围、类群及数据库特色功能,对数据库进行分类。对重要数据库的主要功能进行简要介绍,设立多指标评价体系将我国数据库与国际优质数据库进行比较,分析我国数据库亟待提升的关键功能。【结果】数据库分类研究将其划分为全球型、区域型、国家型、地区型、特定生物类群型等类别。数据库比较评价研究说明我国现有的数据库在支撑我国外来入侵生物检测监测和进出境植物检疫执法等方面起到了重要作用,但与世界一流数据库相比仍存在一定差距,其主要体现在数据质量有待提升、对现有数据挖掘不足、科普功能较弱等方面。【结论】建议各部门以更大力度支持我国相关数据库的建设、长期维护、优化整合与国际推广工作。建议完善国内现有数据库的数据和功能,提高其实用性和易用性,为相关科研工作提供有力支撑,并为科学普及、公众参与和公众科学的发展创造有利条件。

Comparative evaluation of databases of invasive alien species and plant pests in the world

Aim] We classified, introduced, compared, and evaluated important invasive alien species databases and plant pest databases in a global scale to clarify the progress of database construction in biosecurity and plant protection in order to know the effectiveness of database construction in China.Method] We classified the databases according to the species'' geographic range, taxa, and databases'' characteristic functions. We did a brief introduction to the main functions of important databases. We set up a multi-criteria evaluation system to compare our databases with high-quality international databases and then analyzed our databases'' essential functions that need to be improved urgently.Result] We classified the databases global, regional, national, provincial, specific taxa, and other types. The comparison showed that the existing databases in China had played an essential role in supporting the detection and monitoring of invasive alien species and the phytosanitary enforcement of import and export plants. However, there are still gaps compared with the world-class databases, mainly reflected in low data quality, insufficient data mining, and weak popular science functions.Conclusion] We recommend that related ministries should provide more excellent support for the construction, long-term maintenance, optimization, integration, and international promotion of relevant databases in China. We suggest the existing databases need to perfect data and functions, improve practicality and ease of use, which will provide strong support for scientific research and create favorable conditions for popular science, public participation, and citizen science.