植绥螨科线粒体基因组研究进展

植绥螨科属于囊螨总科,大部分植绥螨为害螨、害虫的重要天敌,在农业生产上具有重要的应用价值。其线粒体基因组具有独特特征,引起了生物学家的广泛关注。本文就植绥螨科线粒体基因组的结构、非编码区、碱基组成、基因重排和tRNA的特征进行综述,其特征有:(1)植绥螨科中发现了螯肢动物最大的线粒体基因组;(2)植绥螨科线粒体基因组非编码区的AT含量差异大,编码区的AT含量差异小;(3)植绥螨科线粒体基因组均发生了不同程度的的基因重排;(4)已测定的植绥螨科部分物种tRNA基因二级结构出现了截短和碱基错配的现象,部分物种的线粒体基因组出现反密码子突变的情况。在今后的研究中应进一步测定植绥螨科关键类群的线粒体基因组,深入分析植绥螨科出现大量基因重排的原因,以期能反映植绥螨科的真实进化历程。

Research progress on mitochondrial genomes of Phytoseiidae

Phytoseiidae belongs to the superfamily Ascoidea. Most phytoseiid mites are important natural enemies of harmful mites and pests and have important application value in agricultural production. The mitochondrial genome has a unique signature that has attracted extensive attention from biologists. This paper reviews the structure, non-coding regions, base composition, gene rearrangement, and tRNA characteristics of the mitochondrial genome of Phytoseiidae. Its features are as follows: (1) the largest mitochondrial genome of Chelicerata was found in the Phytoseiidae; (2) the AT content of the non-coding regions of the mitochondrial genomes of the Phytoseiidae varies greatly; coding regions are similar; (3) Phytoseiidae mitochondrial genomes have undergone varying degrees of gene rearrangement; (4) the tRNA secondary structure of some species of Phytoseiidae has been truncated and base mismatched; and some phytoseiid mites have anticodon mutations. In future studies, we will increase the sample of the mitochondrial genome determination in key groups of Phytoseiidae and further analyze the reasons for the large number of gene rearrangements in Phytoseiidae to obtain the real evolutionary process of Phytoseiidae species.