检疫性有害生物李痘病毒生物学特性及预防控制技术

李痘病毒最早发现于欧洲东部的保加利亚,是一种严重危害核果类果树的病毒,为欧洲和地中海植物保护组织A2类检疫性有害生物,泛非植物检疫理事会和北美植物保护组织检疫性有害生物,我国于2007年将其列入《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》。李痘病毒主要通过寄主植物繁殖材料(种苗、砧木、芽条等)的贸易活动进行远距离传播,或借助带毒媒介蚜虫进行短距离扩散。截至2018年,李痘病毒已在全世界56个国家和地区发生,我国于2004年在湖南发现其危害杏树。本文从李痘病毒的生物学特性、传播扩散途径、诊断检测方法及预防控制技术等方面进行阐述,以期为防止其再次入侵和进一步传播扩散提供参考。

Biological characteristics and techniques for prevention and management of Plum pox virus (sharka), a quarantine pest of stone fruits

Plum pox virus, first discovered in Bulgaria, Eastern Europe, is one of the most important viruses damaging species of stone fruit trees. This virus is an important quarantine pest in the A2 list of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), the Inter-African Phytosanitary Council (IAPSC) and North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO). In 2007, Plum pox virus was included in the List of Imported Plant Quarantine Pests in the People''s Republic of China. Plum pox virus can be transmitted in long distance with plant propagation materials (such as seedlings, stock, cutting) via intra- and inter-national trade. Aphids are vectors responsible for short-range dispersal. As of 2018, 56 countries and regions have reported the discovery of Plum pox virus worldwide. In China, this virus was first detected on the apricot tree in Hunan in 2004. In this paper, biological characteristics, means of movement and dispersal, economic impact, detection and identification methods, prevention and control measures of Plum pox virus are introduced. This work should contribute in preventing its invasion and further spreading.