广东省橘园黄龙病发生与危害的影响因素研究

【目的】柑橘黄龙病是世界柑橘生产上的毁灭性病害。探明广东省橘园黄龙病发生与危害的影响因素,可为该病的科学防控提供依据。【方法】在广东省惠州、肇庆、云浮、江门、阳江、清远、韶关等柑橘产区,调查了不同柑橘品种、不同气候和地理条件、不同种植模式和不同管理水平果园的黄龙病发病率,并以常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR对样品进行了分子检测。【结果】不同柑橘栽培品种发病率:红江橙为78.05%,马水橘为76.04%,砂糖橘为73.20%,贡柑为69.30%,年橘为63.00%,沙田柚为58.68%,柠檬为56.96%;砧木品种发病率:酸橘为15.30%,枳壳为6.57%,柠檬为4.43%;低纬、高温、多台风地区果园的黄龙病发病率较高;山地果园的黄龙病发病率低于平地果园;连片种植果园的黄龙病发病率高于零散种植果园;管理不善的果园中黄龙病发病率高于管理较好的果园。【结论】除了自然因素(低纬、高温、多台风、平原地形)外,聚集种植和管理不善等因素也有利于黄龙病的发生与流行。因此,有针对性地安排果园布局和加强果园管理可以减轻黄龙病的危害。

Factors affecting the incidence and damage caused by Huanglongbing in the orchards of Guangdong Province,China

Aim] The Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus is one of the major diseases in citrus. Exploring the influence factors of HLB occurrence and harm in Guangdong Province can provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of this disease.Method] The incidence and distribution of HLB were investigated by a real-time PCR and conventional PCR for various citrus cultivars grown under different climatic, environmental and geographical condition and culture practices in citrus production areas, including Huizhou, Zhaoqing, Yunfu, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Qingyuan and Shaoguan in Guangdong Province, China.Result] The incidence of HLB on different cultivars were:Hongjiangcheng 78.05%, Mashuiju 76.04%, Shatangju 73.20%, Gonggan 69.30%, Nianju 63.00%, Shatianyou 58.68%, Ningmeng 56.96%, and the incidence of this disease on different root stocks were:Suanju 15.30%, Zhike 6.57%, Ningmeng 4.43%. Other factors such as low latitude, high temperature, more typhoons, location near the mountain, high density planting, and poor disease management were also associated with high incidence.Conclusion] Apart from natural causes (low latitude/high temperature/more typhoons, plain terrain), several management-dependent factors were conducive to the prevalence of HLB. It is possible to mitigate the damage by improving orchard management practices.