海南典型有害植物的入侵扩散机理研究进展

有害植物成灾会对农林业生态系统、经济和环境造成巨大影响。本文对海南典型入侵植物薇甘菊、假臭草及土著灾变植物金钟藤的成灾扩散机理研究做一综述,以期为海南有害植物的研究和管理提供依据。自然及人为干扰造成的薇甘菊匍匐茎克隆片段有较高的再生能力,其再生能力和生长与储存在节间和叶子中的资源呈正相关。假臭草随土壤养分条件的改善比本地种获利更多,说明农田施肥等干扰因素可能促进假臭草相对于本地种的种群优势。金钟藤已扩散至海南五指山有旅游活动的自然林;调查和移栽试验发现,其可能是先在受干扰严重的林缘和旅游小径边定植,之后通过匍匐和攀爬生长扩散至附近的自然林。这些结果强调了人类活动、高养分条件及物种自身性状等在有害植物成灾中的作用。未来仍需系统、深入地研究有害植物成灾扩散的机理及其控制对策,为减弱有害植物的扩散和危害提供参考,并为海南国际旅游岛的建设提供安全保证。

Research progress on the mechanisms of invasion and spread of typical harmful plants in Hainan

The population explosion of harmful plants causes significant negative impacts to agricultural and forestry ecosystems, economy and the environment. This paper reviews the mechanisms of invasion and spread of the typical invasive Mikania micrantha and Eupatorium catarium and the native exploding Merremia boisiana in Hainan to provide a scientific foundation for the research and management of harmful plants in Hainan. Natural and human caused clonal stolon fragments of M. micrantha have a high regeneration capacity, and the regeneration capacity and subsequent growth are positively associated with the resources stored in stolon internodes and leaves. E. catarium can benefit more from resource addition than native plants, indicating that disturbance and fertilization in agriculture may promote the population advantage of E. catarium relative to natives. M. boisiana has spread to natural forests in Wuzhi Mountain frequented by tourists. Surveys and transplant experiment revealed that M. boisiana may establish in disturbed forest margins and near the tourist path, and then spread to the nearby natural forests facilitated by its creeping and climbing growth forms. These results highlight the importance of disturbance, human activities, high nutrient conditions and species traits in the population explosion of harmful plants. Future studies should systematically examine the mechanisms underlying the explosion of harmful plants and their control strategies in order to reduce the harmful effects and the spreading rate and provide a safety guarantee for the development of international tourism on the island.