Crop management affects pollinator attractiveness and visitation in oilseed rape |
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| Institution: | 1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Swedish Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, SE-291 09 Kristianstad, Sweden;3. Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;4. Lund University, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;1. Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive, Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA;2. Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA;1. Lund University, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;2. Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;1. Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany;2. Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany;3. Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany;4. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz, Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany;5. Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary;6. GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, 8237, Tihany, Hungary;1. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;3. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32643, USA;4. USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA;5. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;6. Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, OR 97232, USA |
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| Abstract: | Ecological intensification of agriculture implies managing ecological processes to improve performance of agricultural systems. However, impacts on relevant ecological functions such as insect pollination from other crop management factors are poorly explored. Pest insects and crop resources such as water availability can directly affect crop yields, but it is unknown if there are indirect effects through effects on insect pollination. With a factorial experiment, we examined how irrigation and control of pollen beetles affected crop attractiveness and pollinator visitation in an open-pollinated spring oilseed rape cultivar. We studied how irrigation and pest control modified the production of flowers and nectar in oilseed rape, and if this in turn affected the flower-visitation of honey bees and bumble bees. Pest control increased the number of oilseed rape flowers by 69%, and the amount of nectar per flower with 36%, but for the latter only in non-irrigated plots. Furthermore, we found higher pollinator densities in plots with reduced pollen beetle densities. Pest control also reduced the number of non-legitimate flower visits, suggesting higher pollination efficiency in plots with reduced pollen beetle densities. We show that crop management affects the value of mass-flowering crops as a resource for pollinating insects. Development of pest control tools that are harmless to pollinators could increase the value of flowering crops as food resources for pollinating insects. |
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| Keywords: | Crop pollination Pollen beetle Irrigation Nectar Sclerotinia |
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