Effects of spontaneous field margin vegetation on the regulation of herbivores in two winter crops |
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| Institution: | 1. UMR 1349 Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Agrocampus Ouest, 2 Rue André le Nôtre, 49045 Angers, France;2. UMR 1349 Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), Agrocampus Ouest, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France;3. University of Avignon, Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, University of Avignon), IUT Agroparc, BP 61207, 84911 Avignon, France;1. Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany;2. Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany;1. GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;2. Department of Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;3. Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany;4. Institute of Sport Science, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;1. Institute of Regional Ecology, CONICET-National University of Tucumán, CC34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina;2. University of Puerto Rico, Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA;1. Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;2. Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;3. DBU Natural Heritage, German Federal Foundation for the Environment, An der Bornau 2, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany;1. Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Biodiversity of Agricultural Landscapes, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Non-crop vegetation of field margins provides resources for natural enemies of crop herbivores. However, it is still not well known whether this resource provisioning effect is strong enough to improve herbivore regulation within crop fields and which plant species and functional groups favour this ecosystem service. A better understanding of the interactions between field margin vegetation and herbivore regulation is crucial to evaluate management strategies and to design suppressive plant mixtures. We surveyed 64 wheat and oilseed rape fields of Western France for two years (16 fields per year and crop) in order (1) to identify plant diversity or group effects on herbivore regulation within crop fields and (2) to identify species within plant groups that improve regulation. Herbivores, herbivore damage and natural enemies were monitored on crop plants at a distance of 5 and 50 m from the field margin. At the same time, the cover and phenological stage of all vascular plants were estimated in the adjacent field margin. The study demonstrated a positive relationship between the cover of entomophilous plant species that were flowering at the survey date and response variables related to herbivore regulation. Plant species richness and the cover of plant species taxonomically close to crop plants had a small influence on herbivores and natural enemies in wheat whereas related wild Brassicaceae increased herbivory and decreased herbivore regulation in oilseed rape. Within the entomophilous flowering plants, several species were significantly related to a better herbivore regulation in univariate analyses. Multivariate ordination techniques allowed the identification of plant species influencing several response variables of herbivore regulation at the same time. Our study demonstrated the importance of entomophilous species that flowered at peak infestation of crop herbivores. Spontaneous field margins rich in flowering entomophilous species provide an important ecosystem service without expensive sowing of seed mixtures. |
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| Keywords: | Ecosystem service Plant diversity Floristic composition Natural enemies Biological control Wheat Oilseed rape |
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