Different factors affect the local distribution,persistence and spread of alien tree species in floodplain forests |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, P.O. Box 97175/376, Birjand, Iran;1. Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland;2. Forestry Students Association of the Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;1. Irstea, Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques, 3275 route Cézanne, CS 40061, 13612 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 5, France;2. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE UMR CNRS 7263), Aix-Marseille Université – Campus Saint-Charles, 3 place Victor-Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France;1. Université de Lyon, UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;2. Irstea, UR EMGR Mountain Ecosystems, 2 rue de la Papeterie-BP 76, F-38402 St-Martin-d’Hères, France;3. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS)—Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;2. Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;3. Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;4. Department of Geography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany;5. BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Floodplain forests are characterized by high and increasing levels of invasions by plant species, but the factors that drive their spread are insufficiently understood. Using data from 708 plots surveyed twice (1998, 2008) supplemented with further data (management, stand age, distance to dispersal corridors, type of ecosystems invaded) we analyzed the factors which shape the local distribution, growth, persistence and spread of three invasive alien tree species (Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia) in the National Park Donau-Auen in Austria. Using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), we found that the distribution of the study species per plot is contingent on stand age (R. pseudoacacia), type of floodplain forest (A. negundo, A. altissima) and distance to the next water body (A. negundo). For all study species, colonization of new plots between both surveys is driven by short distance spread from already established invasion foci. Moreover, recipient habitats (softwood vs. hardwood floodplain forests) modify invasion success in species-specific ways. The probability of occurrence and colonization of plots located in softwood floodplain forests is higher for A. negundo, whereas A. altissima more frequently colonizes hardwood floodplain forests. Persistence of R. pseudoacacia decreases with stand age, whereas its growth rate is significantly higher in plots located in zones where management is allowed than in those which are not managed. Persistence and growth of the other two study species were not related to any explanatory variables analyzed. The on-going spread of the study species in the National Park Donau-Auen suggests that their local distribution is in disequilibrium, i.e. not all suitable habitat patches have yet been colonized. This implies that increased management efforts are necessary to reverse the spread of alien tree species in the study area and to maintain the high conservation value of this iconic area which protects one of the largest floodplain forests in Europe. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity Conservation Forestry Invasion Landscape Management Monitoring Persistence Propagule pressure Spread |
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