TRPV1通道在中枢神经系统中的功能

TRPV1（transient receptor potential vanilloid 1）是在机体广泛分布的非选择性阳离子通道,能被氢离子、高温以及其它内源性和外源性配体激活.其在外周神经系统中主要参与伤害性高温的感受以及痛觉过敏等生理机制.TRPV1在中枢神经系统中功能的研究进展主要体现在突触传递,体温调节,痛觉的调制和细胞凋亡等方面.TRPV1的激活降低突触前谷氨酸的释放及增强已存在的突触后AMPA受体的作用,从而增强了突触传递效能.外周的TRPV1通过激活能够抑制血管的收缩和生热作用,从而抑制体温的升高,当TRPV1被阻断时就发生体温过高,而TRPV1体温调节的中枢作用机制可能是通过直接作用于体温调节中枢.脑干的痛觉调制环路的激活TRPV1可以引起谷氨酸盐的释放,进而激活突触后I类mGlu受体以及NMDA受体,从而起到镇痛的功能.另外近年发现TRPV1在中枢也参与呕吐、呼吸、心率及血压的调节.

Function of TRPV1 in Central Nervous System

Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 （TRPV1） ion channel is attracting new attention in neurophysiology, sensory neuropharmacolog37 and pain research. We review literatures on the distribution of TRPV1 channel in central nervous system （CNS） and its multiple regulation functions, including thermoregulation, pain modulation, synapse transmission and apoptosis. Activation of TRPV1 can reduce the postsynaptic release of glutamic acid and enhance the function of postsynaptic AMPA receptor, which results in enhancement of synapse transmission. TRPV1 also plays an important role in thermoregulation, activation of peripheric TRPV1 suppressing the vasoconstriction of blood vessels and thermogenesis, which leads to the suppression of hyperthermia. And the effect of TRPVI activation in CNS also has a direct impact on thermoregulation cells. As regards pain modulation, activation of TRPV1 receptors which located in the PAG-RVM descending antinociceptive circuit, microinjections of capsaicin into the PAG increases the latency to thermal nociceptive responses in rats and which shows an analgesic effect. TRPV1 is further involeed in regulation of vomit, respiration, heart rate and blood pressure.