Convergent evolution of shoots in land plants: lack of auxin polar transport in moss shoots |
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Authors: | Fujita Tomomichi Sakaguchi Hisako Hiwatashi Yuji Wagstaff Steven J Ito Motomi Deguchi Hironori Sato Toshiyuki Hasebe Mitsuyasu |
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Institution: | National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand; Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan |
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Abstract: | SUMMARY The shoot is a repeated structure made up of stems and leaves and is the basic body plan in land plants. Vascular plants form a shoot in the diploid generation, whereas nonvascular plants such as mosses form a shoot in the haploid generation. It is not clear whether all land plants use similar molecular mechanisms in shoot development or how the genetic networks for shoot development evolved. The control of auxin distribution, especially by polar auxin transport, is essential for shoot development in flowering plants. We did not detect polar auxin transport in the gametophytic shoots of several mosses, but did detect it in the sporophytes of mosses without shoot structure. Treatment with auxin transport inhibitors resulted in abnormal embryo development, as in flowering plants, but did not cause any morphological changes in the haploid shoots. We fused the soybean auxin-inducible promoter GH3 with a GUS reporter gene and used it to indirectly detect auxin distribution in the moss Physcomitrella patens . An auxin transport inhibitor NPA did not cause any changes in the putative distribution of auxin in the haploid shoot. These results indicate that polar auxin transport is not involved in haploid shoot development in mosses and that shoots in vascular plants and mosses are most likely regulated differently during development. |
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