三种海水生态养殖池塘细菌数量特征及其与环境因子的相关性

为阐明不同生态养殖池塘浮游细菌数量变化规律及其与环境因子间的相关性,以期为多元立体综合养殖模式中的水质安全与生物疾病防控提供科学依据。利用荧光显微镜细菌计数法（Acridine Orange Direct Counting）,研究了“参-虾”“蟹-蛏”和“蜇-蛏”三种海水生态养殖池塘的细菌数量特征,使用典范对应分析（Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA）探讨细菌数量与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,“参-虾”“蟹-蛏”和“蜇-蛏”池塘的细菌平均密度分别为（0.49~3.32）×10⁵ cell/mL、（0.52~2.98）×10⁵ cell/mL和（0.47~2.55）×10⁵ cell/mL,细菌数量有明显的时间差异,夏季密度大于春秋季。三种海水生态养殖池塘的水温、溶解氧和pH变化均不明显,且相差不大,而硝态氮均发生显著变化;其中“蟹-蛏”和“蜇-蛏”池塘的硝态氮、亚硝态氮、活性磷、总氮和总磷均高于“参-虾”池塘,透明度、叶绿素a和化学耗氧量则均低于“参-虾”池塘。典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,三种海水生态养殖池塘细菌数量的主要环境驱动因子不同,细菌数量均与水温呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,“蟹-蛏”和“蜇-蛏”池塘细菌数量均与总磷呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;细菌数量的驱动因子有明显的时间差异,但规律不明显。

Quantitative Characteristics of Bacteria in Three Seawater Eco-Aquaculture Ponds and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors

In order to clarify the variation rule of plankton quantity in different eco-aquaculture ponds and its correlation with environmental factors, so as to provide scientific basis for water quality safety and bio-disease prevention and control in multi-dimensional integrated aquaculture mode. In this paper, the bacterial quantity characteristics of "Oplopanax elatus-Penaeus japonicus", "Portunus trituberculatus-Sinonovacula constricta" and "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" in seawater eco-culture ponds were studied by the fluorescence microscope bacterial counting method (Acridine Orange Direct Counting), and the relationship between the bacterial quantity and environmental factors was investigated by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results showed that the average bacterial densities of "Oplopanax elatus-Penaeusjaponicus", "Portunus trituberculatus-Sinonovacula constricta" and "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" ponds were (0.49~3.32)×10⁵ cell/mL, (0.52~2.98)×10⁵ cell/mL and (0.47~2.55)×10⁵ cell/mL, respectively. The number of bacteria had obvious time difference, and the density in summer was higher than that in spring and autumn. The water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of the three seawater eco-aquaculture ponds did not change significantly, but nitrate nitrogen changed significantly. Among them, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, active phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in "Portunus trituberculatus-Sinonovacula constricta" and "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" ponds were higher than those in "Oplopanax elatus-Penaeusjaponicus" ponds, while transparency, chlorophyll A and chemical oxygen uptake were lower than those in "Oplopanax elatus-Penaeusjaponicus" ponds. The CCA results showed that the main environmental driving factors of bacteria numbers were different in the three seawater eco-aquaculture ponds, and the bacteria numbers were significantly positively correlated with water temperature (P<0.05), the bacteria numbers were significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus (P<0.05) in "Portunus trituberculatus-Sinonovacula constricta" and "Rhopilema esculentum-Sinonovacula constricta" ponds. The driving factors of the number of bacteria had obvious time difference, but the rule was not obvious.