圈养条件下新疆马鹿两个亚种的肠道菌群比较分析

肠道菌群组成复杂，与宿主肠道内环境动态平衡和健康息息相关。马鹿是鹿科动物中分布最广的种类，亚种分化众多，但现有马鹿肠道菌群研究较少。为丰富马鹿肠道菌群数据，以马鹿的两个亚种为阶元，运用高通量16S rRNA基因测序技术检测了7头雄性天山马鹿和7头雄性塔里木马鹿的肠道微生物，对其核心菌群、结构组成、多样性及肠道微生物的差异进行分析，旨在了解不同马鹿亚种肠道微生物组成差异，为两亚种间肠道菌群的差异提供参考。研究结果表明，塔里木马鹿菌群多样性及丰度低于天山马鹿。厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）及拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为两组马鹿的优势菌门。此外，天山马鹿肠道中分解蛋白质、脂质的拟杆菌门和变形菌门相对丰度高于塔里木马鹿，而分解植物纤维的双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium）、瘤胃球菌科UCG 014（Ruminococcaceae UCG 014）的相对丰度低于塔里木马鹿。本研究对天山马鹿及塔里木马鹿肠道菌群组成进行初步了解，可根据研究结果调整其饲料配比，为马鹿饲养管理的改善提供参考。

Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Microbial Population of Two Subspecies of Captive Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Xinjiang

The composition of intestinal microbial population (IMP) is complex and closely related to the dynamic balance and health of the intestinal environment of the host. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the most widely distributed species in the deer family, with numerous subspecies differentiation. However, there are few studies on the IMP of red deer. In order to enrich the IMP data of two subspecies of red deer, the IMP of 7 male Tianshan red deer and 7 male Tarim red deer were detected by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and the differences of their core microbial population, structural composition, diversity and IMP were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to understand the differences in the composition of intestinal microbes in different red deer subspecies, and to provide a reference for the differences in intestinal microbial population between the two subspecies. The results showed that the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbial population in Tarim red deer were lower than those in Tianshan red deer. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in the two groups. In addition, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, which could decompose proteins and lipids, in the intestinal tract of Tianshan red deer was higher than that of Tarim red deer, while the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae UCG 014, which could decompose plant fibers, was lower than that of Tarim red deer. In conclusion, this study provided a preliminary understanding of the intestinal microbial population composition of Tianshan red deer and Tarim red deer, which could be used to adjust the feed ratio according to the results, providing a scientific basis for the improvement of red deer feeding and management.