合成生物学技术在糖胺聚糖生产中的应用

糖胺聚糖是一类直链酸性多糖，具有优良的生物相容性和生理活性，被广泛应用于临床治疗，并用作药物运输载体，其中透明质酸、 肝素和硫酸软骨素的相关研究最为深入。由于传统方式（如动物组织提取法等）制备糖胺聚糖，存在外毒素、病毒等致病因子污染的风 险，因而，利用合成生物学技术，构建重组工程菌株生产糖胺聚糖，逐渐受到研究者们的重视。主要围绕透明质酸、肝素前体及软骨素， 综述糖胺聚糖的生物合成途径，并探讨产糖胺聚糖基因工程菌的构建以及糖胺聚糖生物合成过程中分子质量调控机制，以期为构建产高 品质糖胺聚糖工程菌株提供新思路。

Application of Synthetic Biology Technologies in Glycosaminoglycan Production

Glycosaminoglycans(GAGs), one class of unbranched acidic polysaccharides with superior biocompatibility and physiological activity, have been widely used in clinic and as the carriers for drug delivery, among which hyaluronic acid, heparin and chondroitin sulfate have been most intensively studied. Allowing for the risk of the pollution of pathogenic factors such as exotoxin, virus and so on being brought in by conventional means for GAG production such as extraction from animal tissue, the construction of recombinant engineered strains for GAG production by utilizing synthetic biology technologies has been arousing great interest among scientists. Taking hyaluronic acid, heparosan and chondroitin as examples, this review focused on the biosynthetic pathways for GAGs, the constructions of genetically engineered strains producing GAGs and the mechanisms controlling molecular weight in biosynthesis of GAGs, with a view to providing new insights for the construction of genetically engineered strains producing high-quantity GAGs.